Human Cloning Essay

What we call transition is the exchange of one nuisance for a nonher nuisance. This quote by Henry Havelook Ellis describes the verboten interpose of re-create that the dry land has expectn so far and for pay off expect to see if strict laws regulating copy look into atomic number 18 non ring into outrank. Due to political relational regulations, cloning research has slowed down. If such legislations continue, the process of cloning lead continue to demolish. If these laws proceed, the creation of the gentle race departing re of import in the hands of God non in the hands of scientists. knockoff has shown few positive outcomes and m either negative. re-create research is not roughlything of the young past, provided something that has been a controversial issue for over 50 eld (Cloning). If no laws are set into place, cloning willing be face a major task. It will terminate natural deliver, and create a herculean race. Cloning trends reserve been spora dic for over a century. Recent advancements, however, keep up startled umteen. They have catalyzed a large uprising against the continuation of cloning research. Ladies and gentleman, cloning is a problem that has sparked many fires and will continue to do so if nil is done to stop it.ProblemHumans have come a long way in the scientific field with advances in medicine and treatments for Gods ailments, but as far as playing God in order to create a compassionate or any other animal, that is one step that reality feces not handle. A clone is defined as a group of organisms, all of which are descended from a individual(a) undivided through asexual reproduction, as in a pure cellular telephone culture of bacteria (Cloning). The main source of the problem, somatic cell atomic transfer, is actually something far more than complex. Somatic cell nuclear transfer is the process by which dolly, the first mammal to be cloned, was created. DNA coming from a single cell in her mothe rs egg, was fused with the mammary cell. The fused cell then real into an embryo, which was implanted in a surrogate sheep. The embryo grew into a lamb, which was genetically identical to the donor sheep (The Cloning Process). This same process could be performed in a human, and a human clone would be formed.A study of the American people states that 33% of Americans believe that cloning should be banned completely plot the other 66% favor research to continue with in reason until something goes wrong (By TheNumbers). This shows that Americans are ordain to see what cloning has in store for us, but not willing to sacrifice human lives. Raymond Flynn, chairwoman of the National Catholic Alliance states that Human and animal reproduction is now in the hands of men, composition it rightfully belongs in the hands of God (Human Cloning). Even Alan Colman, the lead scientist at the Roslin Institute, states I think it highlights more than ever the foolishness of those who want to legal ize human reproducing cloning. This is in response to the long and painful death of Dolly. The problem is as clear as day, cloning is not as advanced as it would need to be in order to be successful without complications and history shows us that it has been this way for years.HistoryCloning is not a untested imbed technology it has evolved slowly with workitions from many top scientists in their fields to have what it has become today. With DNA work dating back hundreds of years, cloning research started over fifty years ago by Robert Briggs and Thomas King. The two scientists successfully added the nucleus of a frog embryo to a frog egg, but eventually the frog egg failed to develop so there was no clone achieved. In 1967, John Gurdon keep the research of Briggs and King and was successful, but his frog died after being vivacious for unless a couple of days. The premature death didnt deter cloning research for size up to(p) however. In 1984, cloning took its first giant st ep with the first sheep being cloned by embryo cell fertilization. In 1997, Dr. Ian Wilmut, head scientists at the Roslin Institute in Scotland, successfully cloned a sheep by an adult cell, sooner than the embryo cell. Cloning has come a long way from early predictions to the actual cloning and with this change, a large outcry of opinions has emerged (Cloning).MagnitudeIn a recent CNN poll, 89% of Americans thought it to be impossible to clone a human and 66% believed it to be wrong to clone an animal. This information comes from the news that it took the scientists who created Dolly 277 triesbefore they created a healthy, viable lamb. Since cloning universe is more complicated, even more deaths and lethal birth defects can be expected during experimentation (Human Cloning Religious and Ethical Debate). In the same CNN poll, 74% of humans believed that scientists were taking Gods powers into their own hands. This is the largest, second to the side affects of cloning (10%), reason that humans disagree with and are fighting hard to change.A viable instruction that has been presented is if someone was to create a medicine or antibiotic to stop an illness, would it be playing God? Cloning is creating a aliment and breathing object, not aiding the individual to live their own life. As judgment of convictions goes on, more and more advances were make in the cloning research field. Although some advancements have been positive such as discovering the ability to re-create bone marrow for leukemia patients, many negative aspects, such as high mother-death rates from birth complications (1 in 3 mother cows died of complications during birth), have started to affect us at an alarming rate.ImpactWith cloning research, certain desirable traits can be chosen and a superhuman race could be created. infer a domain with women having attributes of the most gorgeous woman, and men having the attributes of the most handsome man. This could make for a real dull and borin g world due to the lack of variation in physical appearances. Physical traits are not the only possibility for change. Diseases could be wiped out. According to the 2002 World Almanac, nine out of the top decennary fathers of death in the world are genetics related and 52,606,687.5 humans die of these various causes (Top Killers). A question is posed, what would happen if those 52,606,687.5 humans were take over funding and more humans were being born at a rate of 14.1 babies for e actually thousand humans (Against Human Cloning)? Poverty rates (19%) would rise at a considerable rate due to the fact of over crowdedness in our metropolitan areas.At fourth dimension of worldation, there were 6,275,919,702 humans on earth (By The Numbers). With this information, the new number including the humans that would still be alive(predicate) because the void of disease and birth, after simple math would be 6,328,526,389.5. With this number, you can calculate the new aggregate of humans that would be living in poverty atthe same rate (19% NCPA) in 1998 would be 1,202,420,014 humans in comparison to 1,192,850,491. That is an addition of 9,569,523 humans that will be suffering from malnutrition and poor living conditions. Death is Gods way of population control and if it is your time to go, then its your time to go and if these diseases were still around, then these figures would become fact, rather than simple math problems.Cloning research and globe opinion have been factors of for each one other ever since the first idea of cloning emerged. As new research comes out, people begin to become excited, but as the research becomes more detailed, the general public begins to shy away from the idea.TrendsIn the beginning, cloning research was so new, no one really knew anything round it, but people were curious so public opinion was high (73%) in the hopes of a breakthrough. afterwards President Clinton halted all federal funds to aide in the research of cloning, p ublic opinion began to falloff to 17% (Clinton). This shows that the public follows the government in their efforts to seize a program. From the information that has been gathered, many dissolving agents are possible, and hopefully some will come into affect.Problem SolutionCostsThe cost standards should be measure on the fact that it be $1,700,000 to clone a human and up to $1,000,000 to clone an animal (By The Numbers). This is a truly high price for the opportunity to have a replica of yourself or any other human being. The chance that an embryo will take is 11000, so the costs of running tests on each embryo can add up quickly (What Would A Human Clone Be Like). The costs should be as minimal as possible.EthicsThe problem solution should be measured by the flavor of life in the world from cloning. Since our numbers for poverty are high enough already, adding more to the human race could only add to the problems faced in the world today. Another good argument proposed by o pponents is that cloning encourages parents to value their children according to how well they meet expectations, instead of loving them for their own sake. This would cause stress to the clone themselves and with suicide rates in America reaching almost 30,000 (Top Killers) , this would also add to the problems. Humans should also not have to worry about having a superhuman race. With a superhuman race, there would be no diversity. Diversity is what the world, America especially, runs on and if diversity was void, then the world be mundane. The ethical standards play a large part in the forming of a solution, but the largest part is if it can actually happen (Ethics).FeasibilityThe problem solution should be measured by what changes the world would have to endure because of cloning. Having mass produced children isnt too far away from reality, but it will never be accepted because there is such a strong religious backbone to our country. Something needs to be done, if not, the worl d would be in turmoil due to the fact that there would be no disease and diversity. The solution needs to be something that the majority of Americans can agree on, whether that is a total ban or secure a partial ban. A key step to a solution was already set into place in 1997 when President flower Clinton set a ban into place on all federal funds going towards human cloning.As these standards have been set, many possible solutions could come about. Some solutions seem to be far fetched, but some are quite possible. The following is an explanation of possible null, extreme, and moderated solutions to cloning.Alternatives noughtBy leaving things as they are, nothing will be accomplished. The costs will still continue to be high even though the federal government will still give out federal grants to the research for cloning. The ethics behind the null alternative will be the same. Humans will still have the to worry about the fact that government legislation could be overturned and cloning could become legal. Even though human cloning seems farther away than the cloning of animals, researchers will still be able to continue in their quest for the perfect cloning process. The feasibility of this is actually in truth easy. The world will still continue to pursue cloning research, but still without federal aide. If the chance to continue on researching is still there, then many possible outcomes could happen such as a superhuman race and the void of diversity.ExtremeAn extreme stand on the cloning issue is that of making all research and practicing of cloning an offense punishable by death. There would be no costs coming from the cloning standpoint, but the prosecution standpoint would have great costs. When a researcher is found and enough evidence is present, then the researcher would be throw up into a chair and have a gun pointed to their head and killed. Their organs would be given to the ones that need it. This is not ethical what so ever, but it would cut down on the amount of research at an extreme rate. The human race would become scared and bitter towards the governmental body that is overseeing such a horrible act so the quality of life would start to diminish.Americans especially would never stand for this type of punishment because of their belief in the Bill of Rights, Amendment V and VI. The only ethical part would be that a family would still have its roots and nothing would be changed. Is this solution truly feasible? No, it will never happen. Humans do not see this as a viable plan of action. It would massively change the world in the way humans think about the government and how humans deal with controversial issues. This is an example of a policy that ibn Talal Hussein would be running under his government, and the world is seeing what his people are thinking about him. entertainThe moderate view of cloning would be to only allow research that has been federally approved. The costs for allowing this could get out of lin e with corrupt practices asking for more and more bills to create a human clone. The costs would have to be evoked because that would cut down on the affordability for the average human being. kind of of having a human clone cost $1,700,000, the cost would need to be around $20,000,000. The price dogshit would also benefit the technology aspect in that there is more money to be spent to improve the already existing technology. There would also be a surge in groups attempting to be the first group to have a successful clone. The ethical standpoint would not be able to change no matter what happens. No one will ever be happy.This solution will not diminish the quality of life in the world due to the fact that it will raise awareness of the problem at hand, but still allow for a technological breakthrough. The feasibility of having government control over who can research and practice cloning is very possible. Changes would have to be do to the government to include very strict l aws for those who are trying to break the law, but other than that, it would be a simple transition from free cloning to government regulated cloning. There would be some organization towards it, but there would still be the possibility of corruptness from either the researcher or the government such as bribery and black mail.Recommended Moderate AlternativeThe best view that would be the most cost effective, ethical, and feasible would be one where government would place bans on the rights of scientists who practice and research cloning. Since there is going to be government control, the government has the right to pull the plug on any project that seems to be getting out of control. It would still be cost affective because all money would have to come from outside sources that have already been previously approved by the federal government. The only money that would be spent by the government would be on prosecution of researchers who have continued work after their programs has b een seized or those who dontreceive government approval.The punishments would run from heavy fines to gaol time, depending on the severity of the offense. The ethical standpoint will never be totally ethical because many see that it is wrong to create a human being not through sexual intercourse. The ethical part of the solution would be that the government still has control over what goes on. This solution is also very feasible. Giving the government control over cloning research could be very easily done. some might disagree that this solution would be feasible, but there is always a possibility of a permanent ban on all research.These solutions are only going to work if people put their mind to it and work at it. These issues will stop dead in the tracks if something is done but if not it will continue to spiral until becoming out of control.ConclusionCloning research has become a major part in our technology-driven society. If legislation is not passed to control cloning, the negative outcomes of cloning will continue to culminate. The history of cloning shows that there are many problems to be solved in the cloning process, all the same cloning advancements are growing at a rapid pace while the problems are leave unresolved. With these advancements, a humans undesired qualities will become a thing of the past and super-human races will start to evolve. Public opinion and the problem will continue to grow until legislation is passed. A last thought, do humans want a society that is a copy of the previous generation?BibliographyBy The Numbers Human Cloning. Issues and Controversies On File, FACTS.com. January 29, 2003. .Cloning. Issues and Controversies On File, FACTS.com. January 29, 2003. .Ethics of Human Cloning, The. Cass, Leon R. AEI Press. Washington, DC. 1998.Human Cloning. Issues and Controversies On File, FACTS.com. January 29, 2003. .Human Cloning Is Wrong According to America. CNN.com. January 29, 2003. http//www.cnn.com/TECH/9703/01/clone .poll/index.htmlWhat Would A Human Clone Be Like? Issues and Controversies On File, FACTS.com. January 29, 2003. .Clinton Bans bullion for Human Cloning. CNN.com. March 20, 2003. http//www.cnn.com/TECH/9703/04/clinton.cloning/Against Human Cloning. BBC.com. April 7, 2003. http//www.bbc.co.uk/religion/ethics/cloning/clonesdanger.shtmlHuman Cloning.Virginia.edu, April 7, 2003. http//www.cs.virginia.edu/jones/tmp352/projects98/group1/home.htmlTop Killers.aerophilous Gardening.com, April 7, 2003. http//www.ritecode.com/aerobicgardening/topkill.html.