Eaarth

Kleenex claims â€Å"when we eat from the Industrial food system, we are eating 011 and spewing greenhouse gases. † Explain what he means by this. What is the alternative? It takes ten calories of fossil energy to produce a single calorie of modern supermarket food, and when we try to address one problem, the other gets worse which is why starvation is on the rise on the rise that the United States now uses a huge chunk of its topsoil to grow gasoline, and not food.We need to produce lots of food on relatively small farms with little or nothing in the way of synthetic fertilizer or chemicals. 2. How did Britain increase food production during World War II by 91%? Why is this story included in the chapter? What evidence does he present that such a change could happen in American suburbs? Pig clubs and Small gardens or allotments sprung up throughout the country to support themselves. To show that our farmers need better time and space management to Improve their growth rate and spending.Small farms are capable of getting far more productive with each passing season, because they can take advantage of en information, new science, new technologies. 3. Compare modern mechanized monoculture to smaller scale polluter. Explain why polluter will be more sustainable as the climate continues to change. Monoculture is mainly used in industrialized agriculture with many inputs of fossil fuels and chemicals to produce large amounts of a single crop.Polluter is often locally based, and may be found in a subsistence agriculture reactive that uses human and animal energy to produce smaller amounts of many different crops. Polluter and working with nature can provide many and more sustainable solutions to our current challenges, and that In diversifying the food economy we will be much more resilient to future shocks. In doing so we can also reduce our collective agricultural carbon footprint. 4. Imagine yourself Ralston some of your own food at your own or in your neigh borhood. Besides food, what two benefits might you also get?If you participated in a community garden with your neighbors, what two additional benefits might everyone experience? Beautiful scenery, good exercise from working in the garden, satisfaction of growing your own food. The fellowship and mentoring opportunities to learn from. 5. How would a CASE (Community Supported Energy) system differ from our current system of electricity production and why might it be less vulnerable? CASE is a way of fostering more local control of essential energy supplies. It puts energy decisions back into the communities hands.Our electricity production is a owned electric company, but companies Like TACO are Investor companies. 6. Consider Muckiness's explanation of how Middlebury and Burlington provide their power locally. What local sources of energy would you recommend for Wasted and Houston? Besides creating less pollution, how might your plan increase our sustainability? Solar power is alway s a technique because wind is always available. They could use natural gas burning power plants other than coal power plants because the gas burning produces a lot less pollution.Electricity companies are starting to use the Carbon Catcher. The clean coal (Carbon Catcher) captures the carbon pollution (chemically) and then they store the carbon that they collect. This process is called sequestered. 7. What do the internet and a farmer's market have in common, and why will the internet be important as we continue to deal with climate change? The way that a farmers market is distributed food production or a solar panel is distributed power, but because of the connecting power of the Web. It added up to more than the sum of its parts.

American Colonies: The Settling of North America

Alan Taylor is a well-known historian who is more concerned in presenting the different aspects of history and how they happened based upon the behavioral challenges that face the human communities through the passing generations. According to his further assessments, the human behavior developments naturally affect the way by which the history goes on in accordance with the plans of the people primarily in authority of changing the story of human generations.This idea of identifying the power of humans to change their path and the path of progress of the human society through the decisions that they are making has been obviously shown through his book entitled: â€Å"American Colonies: The Settling of North America†. Through this book, he primarily outlines the different procedures of change that humans gone with through the passing years of history. HE makes it clear through this reading that the motives of humans with regards certain situations usually makes up the ways tha t history actually turns out to be.HE naturally shows that the â€Å"evil† factor that has been posted by other historians within the name of the Europeans or the whites in particular is not actually innate but has been pushed through by the primary situations that occurred during the past years in human development. About the Book The book of Taylor shows the procedures by which humans were able to discover slavery and later on were freed from it through their own motives of historical change.The book has been further subdivided into three parts, considerably the encounters, the colonies and the Empires. Through these sections, the different pictures of human development have been shown in a progressive state. This book has been noted for its specific strength in showing the description of the aspects that actually shaped the colonial age in the American territories. The book also identifies the major reasons behind the development of history towards the present situation of the American Society.Content and Summary Most of the historical accounts written about the American past fails to address the different points of consideration that helps readers understand and feel the essence of the stories behind a historical matter with regards a certain event as per presented within the narratives. Moreover, the presentations made by other historians point out that the American race has been made to prosper ever since it first started to exist in the world map.Most likely, the said historians become too much nationalistic during their process of writing that at some point they are able to present the other nationalities of human population present within the historical events in a negative picture. On the other hand, the book of Taylor does away with this particular mistake that other historians commit in writing the outlines of America’s past. On the other hand, Taylor was able to balance his views with regards history and the actual situations that ha ppened then.Being objective in every presentation is a primary strength obviously noticeably in the book of Taylor. Taylor actually cited the different essays of other writers who discussed the same issues with regards the history of America. In this regard, he was able to present the situation of the American History in a more effective way and objective view as he aims to make it easier for the readers to understand the main idea being presented through history. In his accountable presentations, Taylor noted the years of slavery in the American history.Unlike other historians however, he was able to show the years of slavery in a more reasonable perspective that does not put the White race in a jeopardized reputation of being evil just because they were the once that are noted for becoming the masters of the slaved races. The Indian Americans were also shown in the book of Taylor as a race that continues to struggle for freedom. In this matter however, the details as presented by the author notes that every race from every nation deserves to be free.Moreover, this want for freedom has been noted by the author as an innate nature among humans that must be provided by those who are in the position to do so. Forced labor particularly drew the line in the past of the American society. This fact actually makes it possible for the long line of enslaved races in the process of American Society’s progress towards the present freedom that the said country is enjoying at present. To summarize the entire content of the book, the three sections could be introduced in a brief statement.The first section on the encounters actually discusses the ways by which the American society has been discovered. This was when they were helped by the other races to evolve and to stand as one society in union. However, the said state has been shortened as the years of colonizing among the huge countries against the less-influential ones came into the picture. Most of the details actually show that other races began to take advantage of the resources of the country as well as the labor that they could provide for the mentioned nations.The years of imperialism as empires began to flourish even made the situation even worse. Hence, the people were less able to fight for themselves. However, as detailed by Taylor, the American society was not at a rested acceptance of the situation that they were currently in during that part of the history. Their want of being free from slavery and unwanted authority from the foreign nations made it easier for them to spur the feelings of nationalism. A feeling that in turn actually lead to a more serious aim of becoming free from the grasp of the foreigners.That want made it easier for them to create possible ways in which they could attain freedom through rebellious movements as well as diplomatic arrangements with the other country’s administration making it harder for them to progress as a unified and free society. Starvation among the natives of the country during the colonization until the imperialism era has become a major problem that made it certain for the natives to search for a better process of attaining the resources that they need.Again, this need has been noted to have an impact on the want of the American society in being free form the snares and effects of slavery in their community. Overall Recommendation and Critique of the Reading True, men have been shedding blood through history. Because of war and continues disputes among nations, the clashing principles of governments, many soldiers die and some are becoming heroes of war because of the fact that they have courageously fought for the right thing that they believe in.However, it must be realized that wars are not the only way by which humans could prove their courage and their loyalty to their nation’s dignity. Through the ability of man to do what is good for the majority shall also proclaim an individual the hero t hat he is inside. Through the notable situations that governed the American history, Taylor has shown the capabilities of the entire American community to make it towards social progress through the courage that they have within themselves.One more thing, the reading made by Taylor helps individuals see the fact that every individual is rightfully disposed off to wanting the effects of being free. Hence, as a human society, the Americans once wanted to be freed, and now, enjoying that particular privilege has actually made it possible for them to attain the best possible way of becoming successful in any field of national interest that they aim to pursue as a country.Taylor’s book is indeed a fine read and a clear picture of the ability of humans to fight with courage and strong will. Giving clarity to the said ability of humans, the â€Å"American Colonies† is a book recommended for everyone who wants to learn from the pages of history. Reference: Alan Taylor. (2002). American Colonies: The Settling of North America (The Penguin History of the United States, Volume1). Penguin (Non-Classics).

Critical Thinking: Strategies in Decision Making

Critical thinking is the mental process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating information to reach an answer or conclusion (Dictionary. com, n. d. ). Critical thinking has two basic components: a set of information and belief generating and processing skills, and the habit of using those skills to guide behavior. Other aspects of critical thinking include working out situations and dilemmas, answer questions, and settling issues that are essential to ones welfare and interests. Thinking happens in every situation in every aspect of life.â€Å"The best thinkers use their ability to think well in every dimension of their lives† (Paul & Elder, 2006). Critical Thinking Steps Critical thinking is used in all dimensions of life whether in personal situations or work related situations. Most of the time in personal issues people are more apt to make decisions that will benefit them more in the end. In work related issues, people tend to make decisions that will benefit the majority of everyone involved. Critical thinking is vital in the decision-making process when coming up with new ideas and finding the different point of views.As a critical thinker, there are a few steps while thinking. First, is to raise important questions and issues. Second, is the assembly and evaluation of significant information. Third, is coming up with well thought out answers, analyzing the answers with different outcomes and scenarios. Lastly, a critical thinker must keep an open mind and have the ability to consider all possible conclusions. If a problem arises, a critical thinker will have the ability to communicate well with others to gain a better perspective on the situation at hand. ? Personal ExperienceIn a personal situation where I had to use critical thinking was in regards to my divorce. I had to think about how I would be affected by the decision as well as how my children would be affected by my decision. I had to weigh out the pros and cons of staying married versus getting a divorce. Weighing out the custody was another decision I faced. I wanted what was best for my children, and these decisions were not easy. Discussing the options with my ex-husband and being able to make these decisions jointly made things easier for the both our children and us. Work Related ExperienceUsing critical thinking in work has proven beneficial. I worked for a company a few years ago where I held a position in customer care over the telephone. This position presented me with the opportunity to apply my critical thinking skills. When I first started with the company I was responsible for billing, but I decided to apply for a position in developing and maintaining the performance and payroll reporting for the lobby locations. I had an office, independence to complete my tasks without supervision, and had a prime shift – 8 to 5 Monday through Thursday and 7 to 4 on Friday.On the home front, I was able to put dinner on the table by 6 PM, did not bring work home, and was never on call. When the billing services ‘Subscriber Management Systems Specialist’, position was posted, I was very interested, but I had to weigh the benefits of both positions. I developed a table with pros and cons in order to assist with the decision. Based on the results I outlined, I chose to apply for the new position. It meant giving up some personal time with my husband – salary of course, means 40+ hours a week, but the challenge and growth opportunity outweighed the other factors.Had I not applied critical thinking, I would have gone with my gut, which told me to stay in the lobby where I was comfortable. Being able to put emotions aside allowed me to think clearly about a very important decision in my life. Critical thinking is important in decision-making. Some people develop thinking in a â€Å"weak sense† whereas others develop thinking in a â€Å"strong sense†. †Å"Critical thinkers strive to develop essential traits and characteristics of the mind† (Paul & Elder, 2006).I believe that critical thinkers do not allow emotions or bias to determine the outcome of the situation, but will have strong facts to support their position. I believe we all must strive to think at a higher level, and recognize our biases and rise above them to become effective critical thinkers. ? References Critical Thinking. (n. d. ). Dictionary. com's 21st Century Lexicon. Retrieved December 13, 2009, from Dictionary. com website: http://dictionary. reference. com/browse/critical thinking Paul, R. , & Elder, L. (2006). Critical thinking: Tools for taking charge of your learning and your life. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

The Curious Case Of Benjamin Button (Historical) PowerPoint Presentation

The Curious Case Of Benjamin Button (Historical) - PowerPoint Presentation Example People then were impartial to slavery, â€Å"nativism and religious beliefs. â€Å"(Baltimore† n.d.) The birth of Benjamin came at a time when people have no knowledge of medical research and science, and the phenomenon that happened in the story was not understood. Even medical science books did not provide information about the advanced stage of mind and body of Benjamin when he was born. Since people are bound by religious beliefs, a baby born out of the ordinary situation is a clear sensation in such a small community of Antebellum, Baltimore. Population of Baltimore in 1860 was only 212,000 but the city was bustling in economy because of trade brought about by the railways and steamships, and the first translantic cable system. (â€Å"Baltimore†) The family of Benjamin was one of the elites in the society and they had anticipated the birth of their son with much enthusiasm. This is the time too that discrimination is rife because of the existence of the black slavery. Discrimination is shown in the story not by the color of Benjamin’s skin but by his physical appearance that led to his non-acceptance to Yale. Yale and Harvard are the two most prominent schools most wealthy families send their children for schooling, but it could be seen that there are also student discriminations on these two colleges. The period of 1869 to 1896 was the construction boom in Baltimore. Construction of housing became the major factor in Baltimore’s economy. (â€Å"Baltimore†) It is assumed that this is the time where Benjamin took control of the hardware business of the family that gave them immense wealth. By that, it is calculated he is 20 years old with looks of a 50 year old man when he began to help his father in their business. Baltimore, during the time of the story, was torn by a civil war. It was also agog with politics that kept people interested in their three party political system, powerful bosses, orchestrated political violence and the emergence of

Source evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Source evaluation - Essay Example This book helps in improving participation in the making of policies that will direct schools as well as the public when it comes to drug abuse as well as determine the effects of programs created to avoid the abuse of drugs. Throughout the book, the authors of the book who are Richard Wilson and Cheryl Kolander insist on the role which parents, teachers and the broader comminute play in dealing with problematic issues that are related to drugs. The authors have also looked at different aspects that influence the use and abuse of drugs, as well as factors associated with both social and physical environments. There are different ways of planning and implementing an effective drug abuse prevention program through a public health methodology of a classic nature explained to educators, guidance counselors, and educators in public health as well as social workers. This book combines different ways for the prevention of drug abuse together with an outline of information on drugs, the Second Edition of Drug Abuse Prevention makes available the complete variety of resources needed in the preparation of students for the professional environment in relation to the preventing drug abuse. The authors advise that abuse drug should be organized in an environment which provides a comprehensive health education. In the process, they have created teaching environment with methods necessary for health professionals while at the same time remaining practical about the use of the already established methods. The authors have tried to present different drug abuse prevention programs after assessing the legal and illegal drugs and their effects. This book is co-authored by Richard Wilson and Cheryl Kolander. Richard Wilson is based at Harvard University and is a professor of physics, while Cheryl Kolander is an associate dean in-charge of Academic Affairs in the college of education and human development as the University of Louisville. She is a

Methodology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Methodology - Essay Example The policymakers may be getting substantial level of influence from the media, and we need to have a specific idea about it in order to make relevant decisions. The study will have an explorative nature, and it will set tone for future research on the subject matter. I will take a riskier road in this area of my work because governmental officials do not receive the notable level of attention regarding their political views. However, they are the ideal target population for my study because they play significant role in terms of conducting an election so they are extremely prone to experience high level of influences from the modern sources of information. Secondly, I am choosing those Baby-Boomers who are involved in the electoral process of the country as my target population, and I will survey relevant forbearers of Generation Y as well. Both of the previous generations are having notable roles in the due electoral process of their country (OShaughnessy & Stadler, 2012). They remain loyal to their traditional political affiliations, but Generation X is different because they need change and development, and if the current leadership does not cause substantial level of socioeconomic growth then, the youth will not hesitate to overthrow the gov ernment by using proper electoral means so they do not support traditional values in the democratic system (Walts, 2010). The study does not consider the Next Generation as target population because they do not have enough seniority to influence the elections in the country. In my viewpoint, there is a possibility to observe great degree of influence of media on the minds of policymakers because they are consistently integrating technology into the electoral process, and I intend to discover it through my work. The fundamental research technique applied in the course of the planned study will be surveys. I will visit

The Effect of Media Violence On Youths Research Proposal

The Effect of Media Violence On Youths - Research Proposal Example In the year 1998, one of the faculty members of Simon Fraser University carried out a study on the teens that were interested in watching violent media. (Bryant, pp. 23-25) The results of that study showed that such media made twenty-five percent of teens addicted to it. In addition, all those teens showed great changes in their behavior, which was not in a positive manner. Furthermore, a number of studies have shown that worse academic results are shown by the youth that watch violent media according to the National Institute on Media and Family. (Gentile, pp. 39-41) It is indicated by the researches that violent media is preferred by more than seventy-five percent of teens in the United States that are interested in watching television and other available mediums. One of the schools in Texas carried out a study of adolescents that watch violent media, and it found out that teachers complained of frequent arguments from such students. In some cases, these adolescents were even involved in physical fights with their teachers and classmates that is a major concern of the schools, as well as, the parents. In specific, studies have shown that gender does not play a major role in the behavioral changes after watching violent media, which is another major topic related to the effects of violent media on youth that is not discussed in this paper. In another study, it was observed that eighty percent of adolescent girls that were involved in watching violent media argued with their teachers and classmates, as compared with the eighty-three percent of boys in the same category. Thus, it shows that gender does not play any role in such case. (Krug, pp. 45-46) The advent of violent media has prompted the researchers to go into the details of this medium of entertainment. In popular media, the topic of violence is quite controversial, as different people have provided different interpretations regarding

Viruses, Mononucleosis, Immune system Research Paper

Viruses, Mononucleosis, Immune system - Research Paper Example Unlike all living things, viruses are not cells. They are called parasites because they cannot do anything without a host and cannot carry out their own life functions just like what a cell does. In order for viruses to cause harm to its target host, viruses must invade and manipulate the living cell in order to replicate or copy their own genetic material (Goldstein, 4). Some viruses can only infect certain type of organisms because of lapses in the immune system’s defense mechanism. Mononucleosis Infectious Mononucleosis (Mono) or Kissing’s Disease is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus that infects the cells of the throat and the immune system (Decker, Hecht, Babcock, 8). Patient with this condition has elevated mononuclear cells and the virus will always be in the patient’s body, shedding it periodically in the saliva. It is also referred as the Kissing’s Disease because the primary mode of transmission is through kissing or sharing of utensils (Gedatus, 6). Infectious mononucleosis, however, cannot be transmitted through air. The incubation period, (the time from exposure to the disease to the development of symptoms) varies with regards to age. An adult takes 4-6 weeks for the symptoms to develop while children and adolescents take only 7-14 days (Gedatus, 11).

United States v. Leon, 468 U.S. 897 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

United States v. Leon, 468 U.S. 897 - Case Study Example y afforded to law enforcement officers, and on the other a deviation from well-established rule against illegal searches and seizures diminishing a commonly accepted constitutional right. Cruikshank (1986) thus ascertains that â€Å"The inquiry no longer is whether the fourth amendment was violated but whether the deterrent effect of the exclusionary rule outweighs the potential cost of losing valuable evidence† (p. 417). There is now a shift from individual rights to the duties of police officers in establishing the correct application of the Constitution as determined by the judiciary. This is a far cry from the basic premise of any constitution as the fundamental law of the land. It must serve as a limitation on the powers of government and a reminder of the supremacy of the people. The inclusion of probable cause in the criterion for the issuance of a warrant was a definitive statement as to the powers that may be accorded in the proper disturbance of a person in his rights. The defense of good faith seems as an easy enough loophole to violate what I ardently believed to be a constitutional right despite how the Supreme Court ruled otherwise. Cruikshank, C. (1986). Dismantling the exclusionary rule: United States v. Leon and the courts of Washington-should good faith excuse bad acts? University of Puget Sound Law Review, 9. Retrieved from

The Case for Islamo-Christian Civilization Essay

The Case for Islamo-Christian Civilization - Essay Example The successor state and the Caliphate, the Munghalsand the Safavids, Islam law development and interest issues that come because of the confrontation of medieval with the ideas of Aristotelian (center). The second issue was that the author wanted to avoid using the word margin and periphery, since the two words are commonly perceived as geographical words. These words take into consideration the center. The third reason involved the fact that terminologies like edge and cutting edge will fit into the contention of the edge in Islam instead of the center which is a place where many new categories of things occur. The author also argues out that the lack of an ecclesiastical hierarchy, the Islamic narratives put the institutions of politics at the story center like those of the Caliphate followed by the plethora of the succeeding states all having juris consults, judges, and inspectors of the market as identified by the sheria. This means that like individuals having full faith the Isl am find vital identity elements and solace in observing those practices that they encountered first. The local custom fails to provide guidance for the people who consider a shift in the identity of religion through embracing a varied ancestral faith or rather by changing to different religions. Though parallel in other religions, the edgde situations display creativity in the Islamic history, since getting the answers of some questions that are raised by the converts and Muslims exposes the ambiguities that underlie the spiritual authority. The future. In this section the author identify the case and speed communication as the two things, which separate the today edge from the ones in the past, and the de-valuation or the disappearance of the institutions. It is easy to find Muslims from every conditions and land accessing the world wide audience in an easy way. The author uses examples like a preacher inside the Harlem a political leader residing in Kuala Lumpur, a terrorist in Mo mbasa, and a feminist living in Marrakesh accessing similar audience with Shaikh al-Azhar of Cairo. The old authorities devaluation through the regimes that are modernized of the twentieth and nineteenth century and the establishment of the mass literacy of the youth by the very government have made many Muslims on the edge believe that they have the freedom of choosing the type of Ismalic brand, which best satisfies their circumstances. The perspective of the edge regarding the history of Islam shows that the resolution of the crisis will be depended of minimum ideas than on institutions such those which convince a larger portion of the Muslim segment. The author also suggests that a free market of religion and the beliefs is combined with blessing, at that time when the clouds of war gather and the region voice heard by Luslims who struggle to uplift their families in the sinking countries. Sinking, according to the author implies those countries that suffer as a result of poverty or disorder. These are the individuals who go in a certain religion for their moral and spiritual sustenance, and comfort that is derived from the living in a supportive and caring community of religion. The author is inclined to doubting the current Islam religion, whether it would be fruitful in the future. In this case, the author discusses the challenges that face the new institutionalizing experiments authority. Part 2 According ot the author, the future is characterized by

Critical reflection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Critical reflection paper - Essay Example It is imperative to note that thoughts are also subject to past experiences; for instance, educators may be against the learning of a new reading approach that is promoted by the government because they have the belief that the approach is not effective based in successful experiences they have working with a different approach. I believe that emotional intelligence of the educator has a profound influence on motivation and self-concepts of students, regardless of the fact that teaching is associated with a lot of emotion. The willingness of a school to change is affected by the psychological state of the teachers and if they disregard the psychological and inter-personal processes, they might end up behaving in a defensive manner in order to safeguard themselves from innovations that will reveal their shortfalls (Strike, 2010). On the other hand, if teachers value individuals as people, while at the same time valuing what they contribute, their self-esteem will increase and trust will be fostered. I believe the starting point for learning is motivation, and for an overworked and busy educator to be devoted in terms of effort towards change and new learning approaches, there should be adequate reasons for change or something that will make the teacher understand that what they are doing is not working. Additionally, when faced with newer approaches to teaching, the teachers should have an awareness of whether it is useful and practical, which implies relevance in the classroom to the students(Parker, 2010). Further, I believe if a teacher is not confident on the possibility of achieving success, then motivation will not be enough and there are cases where teachers do not believe that all students can be successful. Some teachers deeply believe that regardless of what they do, they cannot make a lot of difference as a result of the disadvantaged social situations of the students as

Reactivity Series Investigation Essay Example for Free

Reactivity Series Investigation Essay Experiment on Metals Aim-To find out which of these metals will be most reactive with hydrochloric acid,and plan an investigation to test it out. The Metals given:Calcium,Aluminium,Iron,Magnesium and Zinc. Prediction-I predict that the metal will be the most reactive with hydrocholoric acid is calcium because calcium is in Group 2 which is the alkaline earth metals in the periodic table and because calcium is at the extreme left side of the periodic table and as you go across a period,the element change from reactive metals on the left to non reactive metals on the right. On the extreme right of the periodic table is the noble gases. Also calcium is Group 2 which is the alkaline earth metals and they are part of the reactive metals which is Group 1 and 2. Also out of all of the metals given calcium reacts more faster with air and creates a sparkling sight and can damage your eyes creating calcium oxide in word equation it is Calcium+Oxygen equals calcium oxide. In chemical equation it is 4Ca +O2 equals 2 Ca2o. Calcium also reacts more than zinc,aluminum,iron and magnesium with water and much more violent and quicker creating vapour and moves much faster than the other metal and creates a vigrous sizzling sound and fizzing in water and dissloves much faster than the other metals. The alkaline metals get more reactive as you go down the group and calcium is further down than magnesium so therefore it must be more reactive than magnesium. Calcium is in group 2 in the periodic table which is more reactive than iron and zinc in the transistion metals section of the periodic table which is not very reactive because transisiton metals are the metals they use to build structures or making things since they have high melting points and high densities. Calcium is in group 2 and is the more reactive out of all the metals is because group 2 metals in the periodic table have low melting points than the transition metals which iron and zinc belong to and The poor metals which aluminium belong to and they also have low low densities than the other metals. The next most reactive metal I think will be Magnesium because magnesium is higher in the group 2 than calcium and therefore less reactive than calcium and much more reactive than iron,zinc and aluminium because when magnesium react with oxygen it is more reactive than Iron or zinc or aluminium as we test it out when burning it. The magnesium sparkled producing a white light and turned into another substance which can damage your eyes if you look at it directly without any protective glass whereas the iron and zinc and aluminium didnt react as violent as this because they didnt turn into another sunstance but they did change colour. The end result of the magnesium reacting with oxygen is magnesium oxide that is in word equation magnesium+oxygen equals magnesium oxide. The chemical equation is 4Mg+O2 equals to 2Mg2O. The other reason I think magnesium is more reactive than the other metals apart from calcium is because magnesium reacts more violent than iron, zinc and aluminium in water much faster than them. The word equation for this reaction is Magensium+water equals Magnesium hydroxide+hydrogen gas and the chemical equation is 2Mg+2h2O equals 2MgOH+H2. So if calcium and magnesium acts violently with water and oxygen it will act more violently with dilute hydrocholoric acid. Equipement: -1 Gas syringe -1 Stop clock -5 Conical flask -Delivery tube -Powders 0. 5g -1 Bunsen Burner -1 heat proof mat -1 gauze mat -1 tri-pod -Top pan balance -Hydrocholoric acid -1 Spatula -5 petri-dishes -1 Clamp stand -A box of Matches -A Splint -1 measuring cylinder -Sticky labels -1 thermometer -1 bung Plan-First of all collect all the equipment on the equipement list. Then get all the different powders which aluminium powder,magnesium powder,calcium powder,iron fillings and zinc powder. After getting all the powders get a spatula and the top pan balance. Then plug in the top pan balance and weigh the mass of each powder to 0. 5g using the spatula and the petri dish to put the powder in other wise it will be everywhere. The reason we are using the plastic petri-dish is because they have less mass than beakers which we have to do calculations. The petri-dishs mass is not only 0. 1g whicle beakers will be a lot heavier and therefore we have to take away beakers mass from the powder and beakerss mass. After weighing all the different powders put them in the pertri-dish and put sticky labels on them writing what each metal are so we dont get mixed up with the metals e. g. Suppose to test aluminium but got zinc powder. After putting the labels on the powders we are going get the measuring cylinder and measure hydrocholic acid which is 15cm3 and after we measured it we are going to put it into a conical flask. Repeat the measuring of the hydrocholic acid and putting it into the conical flask till all the 5 conical flasks have 15cm3 of hydrocholic acid. Then get the clamp stand and put the gas syringe in or set up the gas syringe make sure it doesnt fall off. Then bung the delivery tube to one of the conical flask so we can fit the delivery tube onto the top of the syringe where the gas enters the syringe. Then we reset the stop clock if we have to and put the calcium powder in the conical flask and when it is in the conical flask we quickly start the stop clock. Then after 10 seconds we are going to take our reading and record so we will do a reading every 10 seconds. For very powder we are going to test for 2 minutes and so every powder will have 12 readings because there is 12 10 seconds in 2 minutes. So we are going to do calcium poder first and then magnesium.

How Is Power Generated With Hydroelectricity?

How Is Power Generated With Hydroelectricity? Hydroelectric power energy from falling water. Hydro electric power means getting energy from flowing water. This method of energy generation is viewed as very environmentally friendly by many people, since no waste happens during energy generation. However, hydroelectric power can have a deep impact on the surrounding environment, leading some people to question the help of hydroelectric power as a method of clean energy generation. Hydroelectric power is used to run water as an energy source and mostly in grind corn. Hydroelectricity produced enough power light for two paper mills and a house. Nearly ally of the hydroelectric power stations, provide around 20% of the worlds electricity. The Origin of Hydro Power was first used in Ancient Egypt. They used flowing water to make a machine work and grind their crops. The Size of the Hydro power plants today range in size from some hundred kilowatts to several hundred megawatts. Some of the larger plants have capacities up to 10,000 megawatts and supply electricity to millions of people. Over 80 percent of all electricity produced by renewable sources is produced by large hydroelectric dams. With low carbon dioxide emissions and working costs, hydropower is an important part of a climate friendly energy mix. More sustainable sources, such as wave and tidal power, could save the standing of water based energy production. Hydropower accounts for around 20% of the worlds electricity generation, and a little over 2 percent of the worlds total energy supply. Although dams often have big environmental and social impacts, the World Wide Fund for Nature estimates that another 370 Giga watts of large, medium, or small hydroelectric capacity could be developed without unacceptable impacts by 2050. The energy output Because most dams use gravity, a hydroelectric dams energy output depends largely on the height difference between the tank water source and the outflow. Water flow along the rivers is another important factor, as is the age and efficiency of a dam. Many of the worlds older dams will need to be upgraded or repowered in the coming decades to improve efficiency, which will be expensive but could eventually add another 30 GW to the global energy mix. Environmental impact Large hydroelectric dams have a number of negative impacts on the local environment and human society. Dams disrupt river ecosystems and passages, killing aquatic life that gets caught in turbine blades. Dams also create artificial reservoirs, which floods farmland and forests, and displaces wildlife and people. Hydroelectric projects are also susceptible to fluctuations in river flows and rainfall. Which depends on energy from the Volta River Dam, has suffered severe energy shortages in recent years because of lack of rainfall. The key environmental problem with hydroelectric power is that blocking changes the natural environment. The flow of a river is basically changed when a dam is installed, posing problems for fish and aquatic plants on both sides of the dam. However, there are some arguments in support of hydroelectric power. Once installed, a hydroelectric power plant does not generate any emissions or waste, making it very much preferable to something like a coal fired power plant. The technology of hydroelectric power is also always being improved, and sometimes simple measures like fish ladders can moderate the impact of a dam. How it worksà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. 1. Hydroelectric power, or hydroelectricity, is generated by the force of falling water. Its one of the cleanest sources of energy and its also the most reliable and costs the least. 2. Water is needed to run a hydroelectric power-generating unit. The water is held behind a dam, forming an artificial lake. The force of the water being released from the reservoir through the dam spins the blades of a giant turbine. The turbine is connected to the generator that makes electricity as it spins. After passing through the turbine, the water flows back into the river on the other side of the dam. Basically the exciter powers the rotator. 3. Electricity is produced by spinning electromagnets within a generators wire coil that creates a flow of electrons. To keep the electromagnets spinning, hydroelectric stations use falling water. Hydroelectric power plants convert the kinetic energy contained in falling water into electricity. The energy in flowing water is ultimately derived from the sun, and is therefore constantly being renewed. As the rotator and its magnetic field turn, an electric charge is created in the stator. 4. Energy contained in sunlight evaporates water from the oceans and deposits it on land in the form of rain. Differences in land elevation result in rainfall runoff, allowing some of the original solar energy to be captured as hydroelectric power. Most hydroelectric stations use either the natural drop of the river or build a dam across the river to raise the water level and provide the drop needed to create a driving force. Water at the higher level goes through the intake into a pipe, called a penstock, which carries it down to the turbine. A transformer increases the voltage of the current coming from the starter. The turbine is a type of water wheel that converts the waters energy into mechanical power. The turbine is connected to a generator, when the turbine is set in motion it causes the generator to rotate, producing electricity. The falling water, having served its purpose, exits the generating station through the draft tube and the tailrace where it rejoins the river. Building a dam means flooding a lot of land. The sun evaporates water from the sea to the lakes. This forms clouds and falls as rain in the mountains which then keeps the dam supplied with water. For free. Gravitational potential energy is stored in the water above the dam. Because the height of the water it will get to the turbines at a higher pressure. This means that people can extract a great deal of energy from it. The water then flows down to the river as normal. There is another way of using the hydroelectric power is to build the station next to a fast flowing river. However using this way may cause a problem which when you do the arrangement the flow of the water cannot be controlled and water cannot be stored. Advantagesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Once the dam is built, energy is almost free. No waste or pollution produced It is more reliable than wind, solar and wave power Water can be stored above the dam Hydroelectric power stations can increase to full power quickly. Electricity can be generated all the time. Disadvantagesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ It is very expensive to build Building a large dam will flood a very large area upstream which can cause problems for animals Hard to find a suitable site. Water quality can be effected which have an impact on plants. Hydroelectric power is renewable. It is renewable in the sense that people cannot take away the source of the energy by using them. The sun provides water by evaporation from the sea. No fuel is needed in this generation. Also energy of the tides will not go away if the power is used. Efficiency The equation for hydro electric power is P = Q X H X 0.18 X E The p is for power in watts. The Q is the flow rate in gallons per minute The H is vertical relief measured in feet 0.18 is a unit conversion constant The E is the efficiency of the turbine The micro hydroelectric turbines are an efficiency of 50%. However for the mini hydroelectric applications the efficiency is a bit higher usually around 65%. The Cost The costs of the hydro electric power is everything concerning hydro, the costs are site specific, they will depend on the head available such as the higher the head the smaller the turbine needed to generate the same level of power. The high head machines can be also be connected directly to the generator without the need for the belts. Hydroelectric power is attractive because its cheap for the consumer average price in the PNW is around 4 cents per KWH this is 3 times less than the national average. Low costs to the consumer reflect relatively low operating costs of the Hydro Facility. Most of the cost is in building the dam Operating costs about 0.6 cents per KWH Coal Plant averages around 2.2 cents per KWH which reflects costs of mining, transport and distribution. Energy density in stored important water is high, so one liter of water per second on a turbine generates 720 watts of power. If this power can be continuously generated for 24 hours per day for one month then the total number of KWH per month is then: 720 watts x 24 hours/day x 30 days/month = 518 Kwh/month. Power generating capacity is directly relative to the height the water falls. For a fall of say only 3m, 30 times less electricity would be generated but this is just for a miniscule flow rate of 1 kg/sec. Solar Power- Energy from the Sun Solar power is energy which comes from the sun. People have used sun for drying clothes and foods for thousands of years but only now people have been able to use it for generating power. The sun is about 150 million kilometres away and very powerful. Just a tiny fraction of the suns energy that hits the earth is enough to meet all the power needs many times over. Every minute enough energy gets to the earth to meet the demands for a whole year. Solar power is energy which comes from the sun. This energy is very powerful and hits the earth regardless of whether or not we take advantage of it. Even the tiny percentage of sunlight that touches the earth is plenty to meet the energy and power needs of the entire human population more than 8,500 times over. Energy from the sun is converted into solar power using solar collectors. Solar panels consist of solar cells designed to capture energy from the sun. The solar panels used in heating air and liquid are different from those used to provide electricity. To absorb the highest possible amount of solar energy, solar panels must be pointed at the sun. Energy from the sun can be converted into solar power in two ways. The first way involves the use of solar thermal applications. Solar thermal applications use the suns energy to provide direct heat to air or liquid. Solar thermal panels can be used for both housing and larger scale applications. The second way of obtaining solar power involves the use of photoelectric applications. Photoelectric applications use photovoltaic cells in converting energy from the sun into electricity. Photovoltaic cells are considered low maintenance and well suited to remote applications. They use semiconductors like silicon to convert energy from the sun into electricity. How solar power worksà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Solar cells- the Photovoltaic (Photo means light and voltaic means electricity) which convert light directly into electricity, for example in sunny weather you can get enough power to run a 100w light bulb from just one square metre of solar panel. Solar cells provide the energy to run satellites that orbit the earth. Solar water heating- this is where heat from the sun is used to heat water in glass panels. This means people do not use so much gas and electricity to heat water at home. Water is pumped through pipes in the panel, the pipes are painted black, and so they get hotter when the sun shines on them. Solar furnaces- it uses a huge collection of mirrors to concentrate the suns energy into a small space and produce very high temperatures. Solar furnaces are very huge solar cookers. A solar cooker can be used in hot countries to cook food. Solar energy isnt all about generating electricity: For example, photo luminescent products store light energy. Theyre also called self-luminous and are a useful source of emergency lighting in the event of a sudden power outage. The advantages of solar power areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Solar energy is free it needs no fuel and produces no waste or pollution. In sunny countries, solar power can be used where there is no easy way to get electricity. Handy for low-power uses such as solar powered garden lights and battery chargers, or for helping your home energy bills. The disadvantages of solar power areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Doesnt work at night. Very expensive to build solar power stations, although the cost is coming down as technology improves. Can be unreliable unless youre in a very sunny climate. Solar cells are expensive Solar power is renewable. The Sun will keep on shining anyway, so it makes sense to use it. 3 main ways to use it:- Sun heats water in panels on your roof Solar cells photovoltaic cells make electricity from sunlight Solar furnace Solar power isnt much use unless you live somewhere sunny Doesnt cause pollution, doesnt need fuel. Basics of solar power The amount of power generated by solar cells is determined by the amount of light falling on them, which is depending on the weather and time of day. Sometimes there will be too much power, other times these wont be enough. In this case the system battery can be damaged if it was overcharged or over discharged. The smallest system may have only 12 volts of light, but in bigger systems 23o or 110 volts will probably be needed. An invert is used to transform the low voltage Direct Current generated by the solar panel into mains voltage Alternate current. The costs of solar power Solar power is currently selling for between  £3 and 35 per watt of rated power output. A typical panel that you might install on your roof would be rated for between 100 and 300 watts and therefore will cost between about  £400 and around  £1500 or so. A complete solar power system also needs some other components and will have some installation costs and so the total installed cost of a solar system is usually in the range of  £8 10 per watt of rated power. Most home sized systems are rated in the 1000 to 10,000 watt range and therefore cost between about  £8000 and  £100,000 to install. Many states offer refunds and tax savings that can reduce this cost by as much as 50%.These systems will normally generate between about  £300 and  £2500 worth or electricity per year. Solar panels are expected to last between 30 and 50 years and so these systems will likely generate between  £9000 and  £120,000 worth of electricity over their life time. This will be different widely though based on local electricity costs and may well increase greatly in the future if electricity rates rise. Energy efficiency Energy efficiency saves money, where solar energy saves even more money. The efficiency rating of solar panels is fairly low for instance the amount of the suns energy converted into electricity. Depending on the situation it can range from 5% to 15%, although there have been some recent breakthroughs in technology which has increased this to 40%. However it will be some years before this technology becomes money making available in the solar panels we fit to our homes. When calculating how many solar panels you need for your home, you dont need to be too concerned about the efficiency rating of your panel because photovoltaic solar panels are specified by their energy generating capacity. For example, 100 watt panels will output 100 watts of energy under ideal conditions. So if you are looking to produce 1kw per hr of energy you will need 10 x 100 watt panels. Solar panels range in their energy output. normally they range from 30 to 205 watts. If you are DIY then pay special interest in calculating your energy requirements. If you are getting a company to draw up plans for you then they will take care of this calculation. There are three main types of solar photovoltaic cells and these are polycrystalline, mono crystalline and thin film. Each has different efficiency ratings when converting the suns energy into electricity and they all have their advantages and disadvantages. The main difference between them is size and price. The more efficient technologies like mono crystalline panels are more efficient than the other two and so the panels are smaller and take up less space when comparing like for like in energy output but they are more expensive. So before you decide which panels to go for, you need to calculate your energy requirements, establish how much you want to invest and then go and compare the different panels. There are many other aspects that can affect the efficiency of your panels. We find the following to be the most common: how often you clean them, are they infrared, how much sun do they get and how hot do they get. It is a surprise to many people that for most panels their efficiency drops when the temperature starts to go above 25 Deg Celsius. If you want a hot water heater conversion then solar thermal panels are a lot more efficient. In summary, on face value solar energy does not seem very efficient, although it is improving year on year. However, dont get too tied up about the efficiency of the panels, focus more on the output, size and level of investment. Sustainability Solar energy will burn for billions of years; it wont run out any time soon. This is sustainable because it will not reduce in the near future. They use primarily silicon, which is one of the richest materials on earth. But they can also use other things, like metals (copper, silver, gold), and some toxic chemicals (arsenic, cadmium) etc. The sustainability of these materials are recyclable, and it is thought 99% of a solar cell can be recycled. But the production of them does has some toxic site affects, which means we have to balance the clean energy production of the cells with the bad by products of their manufacturing process. Appropriate energy The biggest gains are usually found in lighting. Solar power doesnt have to be used for heating, but it would help. However, electricity is a bad way of heating things, but you can use solar power to heat water. Most houses are not designed for energy efficiency especially old houses. Normally light bulbs waste a lot of energy, thats because they work by getting hot. Its like getting a little light and a lot of heat. Always use low energy lamps. However in low voltage lamps if your solar power is small and you dont have a big inverter, then you will be better off with low voltage lamps. Tidal power Coming and going of the tides gives this form of renewable energy a different advantage over other sources that are not as predictable and reliable, such as wind or solar. The Department of Trade and Industry has stated that almost 10% of the United Kingdoms electricity needs could be met by tidal power. Tides come and go is because it is all to do with the gravitational force of the Moon and Sun, and also the rotation of the Earth. This diagram shows how the gravitational attraction of the moon and sun affect the tides on Earth. The size of this attraction depends on the mass of the object and its distance away. The moon has the greater effect on earth even with having less mass than the sun because it is so much closer. The gravitational force of the moon causes the oceans to swell along an axis pointing directly at the moon. The rotation of the earth causes the rise and fall of the tides. When the sun and moon are in line their gravitational attraction on the earth combine and cause a spring tide. When they are as positioned in the first diagram above, 90 ° from each other, their gravitational attraction each pulls water in different directions, causing a neap tide. The rotational period of the moon is around 4 weeks, while one rotation of the earth takes 24 hours; this results in a tidal cycle of around 12.5 hours. This tidal behaviour is easily predictable and this means that if harnessed, tidal energy could generate power for defined periods of time. These periods of generation could be used to offset generation from other forms such as fossil or nuclear which have environmental consequences. Although this means that supply will never match demand, offsetting harmful forms of generation is an important starting point for renewable energy. Tidal energy is a type of energy that produces electricity and other form of power through the use of water. Tidal energy is the energy that could be obtained from changing sea levels. It is a direct result of tide changing from low to high. The two basic theories on how to convert tides into power are: Is involves in converting the power of the horizontal movement of the water into electricity. Involves producing energy from the rise and drop of water levels. LIKE THIS! Most are at the concept proving stage and have links to universities such as Plymouth, Manchester and Imperial College. Technologies in development include: Use of a shore based oscillating water column, Trapping and compressing air in successive waves to build enough compression to drive a turbine Using pressure differences under wave crests to drive water flows through turbine chambers Floating buoys that use the kinetic energy of the buoys rise and fall to drive a turbine Using the motion of joints in an articulated structure to drive hydraulic rams that power motors. There are different types of turbines that are available for use in a tidal barrage. A bulb turbine is one in which water flows around the turbine. If a repair is required then the water must be stopped which causes a problem and is time consuming with possible loss of generation. When rim turbines are used, the generator is mounted at right angles to the to the turbine blades, making access easier. But this type of turbine is not suitable for pumping and it is difficult to control its performance. The blades of this turbine are connected to a long tube and are leaning at an angle so that the generator is sitting on top of the barrage. The turbines in the barrage can be used to pump extra water into the basin at periods of low demand. This usually works with cheap electricity prices, generally at night when demand is low. The company therefore buys the electricity to pump the extra water in, and then generates power at times of high demand when prices are high so as to make a profit. HOW IT WORKS Step 1: First a place must be chosen for the plant to be built Step 2: Then it must be tested to make sure the waves are big enough to produce enough electricity to make up for the price. Step 3: After this they must build the power plant Step 4: Then they have to test it to make sure it works Step 5: The tidal power plant should do the following: The waves should go into the plant. The pressure of the waves should turn the turbines making electricity. It would cost at least  £15 billion to build a tidal power. However there would be a number of benefits, including protecting a large stretch of coastline against damage from high storm tides and providing an already made road bridge. Although the drastic changes to the currents in the estuary could have a huge affects on the economic and huge number of birds that feed on the mud, so when the tides goes out the birds would have no where to feed. Efficiency of tidal power The benefit of tidal range power is its remarkable efficiency: once constructed, up to 80% of the potential energy of the water captured which can be converted to electricity with no greenhouse emissions. Tidal energy is also attractive from the point of view of energy security which makes uses of resources naturally available on and around the stores. Economics The capital required to start construction of a barrage has been the main awkward block to its deployment. It is not an attractive plan to a saver due to long payback periods. This problem could be solved by government funding or large organisations getting involved with tidal power. In terms of long term costs, once the construction of the barrage is complete, there are very small maintenance and running costs and the turbines only need replacing once around every 30 years. The life of the plant is unclear and for its entire life it will receive free fuel from the tide. The economics of a tidal barrage are very complicated. The optimum design would be the one that produced the most power but also had the smallest barrage possible. Social Impact The building of a tidal barrage can have much social cost on the surrounding area. During the building of the barrage, the amount of traffic and people in the area will increase and will last for a few years. The barrage can be used as a road or rail link, providing a time saving method of crossing the bay or estuary. There is also the possibility of include wind turbines into the barrage to generate extra power. The barrage would affect shipping would have to be made to allow ships to pass through. The biggest disadvantages of tidal barrages are the environmental and ecological affects on the local area. This is very difficult to expect, each site is different and there are not many projects that are available for comparison. The change in water level and possible flooding would affect the plants around the coast, having an impact on the aquatic and shore ecosystems. The quality of the water in the basin or estuary would also be affected, the remains levels would change, affecting the turbidity of the water and therefore affecting the animals that live in it and depend upon it such as fish and birds. Fish would certainly be affected unless condition was made for them to pass through the barrage without being killed by turbines. All these changes would affect the types of birds that are in the area, as they will travel to other areas with more favourable conditions for them. These effects are not all bad, and may allow different species of plant and creature to grow in an area where they are not normally found. But these issues are very fine and need to be independently assessed for the area. Advantage Once tidal power is built it is free. It doesnt produced no green house gases or other waste It needs no fuel It produces electricity Its not expensive to maintain Tides are totally predictable Offshore turbines are not ruinously expensive to build and do not have large environmental impact. Unlike wind and solar power production using the tidal forces is constant and predictable. No Waste produced Sustainability of energy production. Easy and not expensive to maintenance. Has little impact on the environment. Tidal energy turbines are dropped into deep water, so they are not a danger to ships. Tidal power cannot be used up Disadvantages A barrage across an estuary is very expensive to build and effects wide areas Many birds rely on the tide uncovering the mud flat so that they can feed and Fish cant travel Only provides power for around 10 hours a day- when the tide is actually moving in and out There are few suitable sites for tidal barrage. Heavier that wind turbines More expensive than wind turbines. Usually producing power for around 10 hours each day. This is the time frame in which the tide is actually moving in or out. Tidal energy has potential to become a possible option for large scale, base load generation. Tidal Streams are the most attractive method, having reduced environmental and ecological impacts and being cheaper and quicker to be installed. Tidal barrage is where a dam or barrage is built across an estuary or bay that experiences an enough tidal range. This tidal range has to be in overload of 5 metres for the barrage to be possible. The purpose of this dam or barrage is to let water flow through it into the basin as the tide comes in. The barrage has gates in it that allow the water to pass through. The gates are closed when the tide has stopped coming in, trapping the water within the basin creating a hydrostatic head. As the tide moves away out with the barrage, gates in the barrage that contain turbines are opened, the hydrostatic head causes the water to come through these gates, driving the turbines and generating power. Power can be generated in both directions through the barrage but this can affect efficiency and the economics of the project. The structure of a barrage requires a very long national engineering project. The barrage will have environmental and ecological impacts not only during building but will change the area affected forever. Just what these impacts will be is very hard to measure as they are site specific, and each barrage is different. There are different types of turbines that are available for use in a tidal barrage. A bulb turbine is one in which water flows around the turbine. If protection is required then the water must be stopped which causes a problem and is time consuming with possible loss of generation. When rim turbines are used, the generator is mounted at right angles to the to the turbine blades, making access easier. But this type of turbine is not suitable for pumping and it is difficult to control its performance. Bulb Turbine Rim Turbine Tubular Turbine The turbines in the barrage can be used to pump extra water into the basin at stages of low order. This usually matches with cheap electricity prices, generally at night when the order is low. The company therefore buys the electricity to pump the extra water in, and then generates power at times of high claim when prices are high so as to make a profit. This has been used in Hydro Power, and in that context is known as pumped storage. The economical effects of tidal power are when they start building of a barrage has been the main uncertain block to its use. It is not an attractive to a saver due to long payback periods. This problem could be solved by government funding or large organisations getting involved with tidal power. In terms of long term costs, once the building of the barrage is complete, there are very small maintenance and running costs and the turbines only need replacing once around every 30 years. The life of the plant is unclear and for its entire life it will receive free fuel from the tide. The economics of a tidal barrage are very complicated. The best design would be the one that produced the most power but also had the smallest barrage possible. Social impact The building of a tidal barrage can have many social costs on the surrounding area. During building of the barrage, the amount of traffic and people in the area will increase a lot and will last for a number of years. The barrage can be used as a road or rail link, providing a time saving method of crossing the area. There is also the possibility of including wind turbines into the barrage to generate extra power. The barrage would affect shipping and navigation and but would have to be made to allow ships to pass through. Wind power A wind power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form of energy. Such as people use wind turbine to make electricity, wind mills for mechanical power, wind pumps for pumping water or dra

Rhetorical Analysis Of Fahrenheit 9 11 Film Studies Essay

Rhetorical Analysis Of Fahrenheit 9 11 Film Studies Essay Michael Moore, a left-wing political crusader, is an American filmmaker. Known for his thought-provoking and unscripted documentaries, Moore takes risks and asks the questions that everyone wants the answers to. Moore is an amazing political commentator and knows exactly how to use the art of language, film, and facts to persuade his audience and to get them to follow in his lead. Released in 2004, Fahrenheit 9/11 is a documentary directed and produced by Moore. This film is a great example of how Moore uses Aristotles three appeals pathos, logos, and ethos to gather information and supporting details to make his point evident. These appeals come together to amplify Moores arguments and support his beliefs on politics. Moore uses these appeals to convince his audiences to agree with him on the controversies that, in his opinion, led to the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001. In the film, Fahrenheit 9/11, Michael Moore effectively uses pathos, ethos, and logos as tools to persuade his audience to believe that the Bushs Administration was corrupt. To begin, pathos, meaning to persuade by appealing to what the audience feels and their emotions that are in result of; or in other words, appealing to the audiences sympathies, laughs, and anger that is felt by each person. Pathos is influence by the writers use of rhetoric; meaning, the use of language as a tool to help persuade an audience. This appeal not only grabs an audiences attention emotionally, it also allows them to identify what the writer is feeling and what his beliefs are. The viewer, identifying with the writers take or opinions, is able to use his or her imagination to rationalize what is in front of them and feel even more emotional about the matter. Pathos is very important ingredient to an argument. It is a great attention getter and can really make an argument. First, in attempt to persuade viewers, Moore does a great job of bringing about an emotional response. Pathos is presented as soon as the screen becomes pitch black and the only sound is the noise from September 11, the day planes were taken over by terrorist and crashed into the twin towers, located in New York City. You can hear the horror in the peoples voices and the loud bang from the planes hitting the buildings. This scene was very powerful; it grabbed my attention and did not let go. Moore intention for this scene was to really start the film off. He also used this scene to persuade his audience into feeling what he felt and see how horrible this event truly was. Also, an interview with a woman who lost her husband during the attack on September 11 was another way that Moore used pathos in Fahrenheit 9/11 to convince his audiences. There was a reason that this interview was shot close up, Moore wanted the viewers to see the sadness in the womans eyes, to feel the pain that sh e had felt, and to show the emptiness she had. By showing the widowers emotions in this way, Moore opened the door and collected the viewers sympathy. However, he still left every scene open-ended for the viewers to collect their own opinion on the attack that occurred on that horrific day. Another thing to know when presenting ones opinion is that, in order to have a true argument, a person should demonstrate equality; they should be fair to the other objective view point, and show that there is an understanding of both sides of the argument. This is the second appeal, ethos, a form of persuasion used by Moore to show that he is a fair and knowledge man. Ethos is all about being credible; presenting oneself as a trustworthy person to convince an audience and make an argument applicable; or to show that another person is not credible by using manipulation. When using ethos, the speakers character is really revealed and observed by the audience. It is important to have ethos when making a claim or assuring an argument. In the film, Fahrenheit 9/11, Moore made sure to use ethos so thats his audience would be persuaded to believe his theories. Moore wanted his audience to see how credible his information was and to let them know that he was a trustworthy person; in this case, he wanted the audience to believe he was more trustworthy than President George W. Bush and his Administration. To show that Moore was a credible source and to question Bushs character, Moore used real footage of Bush and the events that was touched upon. He showed the footage of the time when Bush was first told about the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001. This footage showed Bushs reaction; really Bush did not react and instead continued to read to a class that he was visiting that day. This helped manipulate the audience to believe that Bush was not a fit president and had no idea what to do in this situation. Other video that was shown was of Bush in meetings with members of the Bin Laden family. This footage made it ap parent that Bush was fraternizing with the so called, enemy the ones who were believed to be behind the attack. This makes the audience look at Bush in a very poor light and was a tool used to persuade the audience to judge Bushs character based on this fact solely. Moore also used this appeal again when he presented facts about President Bushs National Guard records. Moore showed that Bushs records were tampered with in the beginning to hide a certain name, James R. Bath, a Texas money manager for the Bin Laden family. Bath was just another involvement that connected Bush to the instances with the Bin Ladens. Moore showed what the original and uncensored records looked like before they had been edited. This showed that Moore was fair, but he was also very trustworthy with the information that he was presenting, unlike Bush who did not present accurate records. In the final appeal, reasoning is used to persuade an audience; when a person gives a certain level of value to an argument. Facts and statistics help to gather and conclude the reasoning to support the main idea of an argument. Logos is used when explaining a resulting conclusion of a position, view, or argument; it is used to establish the reasoning and good logic that supports the final conclusion. Finally, in Moores attempt to manipulate and persuade his audiences, Moore uses the appeal logos to show his reasoning and how he has come to think negatively about Bushs Administration and the event of the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001. Moores first valid point made was about the controversy surrounding Bushs election, and his win over his opponent, Al Gore. Moore believes that the sole reason for Bushs win was due to his help from his political allies along with the help from his friends and family. Moore first presents that Al Gore was initially said to have been the winner over Florida, but then Fox News reporter, John Ellis, Bushs first cousin and the main in charge of the decision desk that night, called the election in favor of Bush. Moore then discusses the other reason for why Bush won the election. Moores reasons were that Bushs brother was the former Governor of Florida, the state in questions and the place that the election controversy was at its most heightened. Also, Bushs chairman of his campaign tabulated the votes and it is a fact that her state hired a company that knocked the votes of African Americans off the record. Moore then touches on the details about the numerous independent investigations that were held and revealed that Gore was the true winner of this election. Stated in the film, Fahrenheit 9/11, Even if numerous investigations prove that Gore got the most votes, it wont matter, just as long as all your daddys friends on the Supreme Court vote the right way. It was evident that the Supreme Court, which consisted of friends of Bushs father, was the true deciders of the winner of this election. One last reason for why Bush became President of Elect was also influenced by the missing senate on the day that the joint session was to verify the election results. Plenty of African Americans attempted to appeal the election results due to overwhelming evidence of misconduct, but no senator was located to sign the objection and com e to the aid of the African Americans. To conclude, Moores film, Fahrenheit 9/11, was a thought-provoking documentary that presented an effective argument that was supported by Aristotles three appeals pathos, logos, and ethos. Pathos was a very effective tool that Moore used multiple times to really sway his audiences in an attempt to get people to really pay attention to what he was saying. For instance, the emotional response that was drawn from the audience was brought about from the scene of the attack on September 11, 2001 was extremely influential on the audience. Continuing, Moores credibility shown through documents and certain facts, along with his laughable manner and tactics used to question Bushs character, was just another form of appeal that Moore used to support his argument. Also, logical reasoning supported Moores point and really helped to move the viewers to make their opinions concerning these political issues. These appeals helped to enhance Moores main view point and helped to convince his audiences that Bushs administration was corrupt.

A Flag for Canada Essay -- essays research papers

A Flag for Canada   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Canadian Government defines a flag as â€Å"a symbol to identify people belonging to a group.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Canada has been a country for many years but has always lacked one thing. Up until 1965, we did not have our own official flag. The first thoughts of Canada adopting its own flag started in 1925. A Privacy Council committee looked at the possibilities but their work was never completed. This meant that the Red Ensign and the Union Jack would continue to represent Canada. In 1946 a committee was again formed to determine a national flag. Over 2,600 designs were submitted but yet again, no flag was picked.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 1964, the Canadian government decided that they wanted a flag chosen before the ...

Nutrition and Food Intake Essay -- Health Nutrition Pyramid Diet

Nutrition and Food Intake   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since we have been learning about nutrition in class, our task was to record a food log. Nutrition requires a well-balanced diet containing nutrient and vitamins like amino acids and fatty acids. Over the past seven days I have been recording and have been looking very carefully at my intake of nutrients, minerals, vitamins, and fats. In our task, the objective was to record the basic foods we ate during the period of seven, but it did not require recording every single detail or our intake of food. Doing this food log was a pain and it was disturbing because I never wrote about what I ate like breakfast, lunch, dinner, or additional meals. I found this food log useful because it helped me learn what I can change in my intake of foods to make my diet healthy and to see what about my diet is affecting me from being healthy because I could affect me in the future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The purpose of recording this food log was to see what in my diet healthy or unhealthy. The purpose of this food log was also to view our eating habits because the basic average man eats many saturated fats, sugars, and red meat and this usually explains why some of them are usually obese and have diabetes. Diabetes is a problem when you eat too many foods with sugar or you eat too many sweets. In our task we were supposed to compare our eating habits to the new food pyramid. The new food pyramid describes what is healthy and the average amount of servings that should be taken daily.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The food pyramids are basically an outline of what you should eat during the day that is healthy. Knowing what you eat is important because nutrition requires a well-balanced diet containing nutrients and vitamins and if you don?t eat healthy then you can acquire diseases and dietary disorders. The new food pyramid tells you that you should include whole grains and plant oils in most meals because if you include plant oils and whole grains in most meals it reduces the rate of heart diseases & whole grains contain Vitamin B and Vitamin B is essential for growth, the functioning of the stomach and intestines, and they are also essential for the nervous system. Vegetables should be eaten abundantly because vegetables contain the mineral magnesium which relaxes your nerves and muscles, builds and strengthens bones, and keeps you blood circulating at a constant pace. You s... ... school lunch & the lunch comes with milk. Milk is good because it consist of calcium which helps for the functioning of the heart, muscles, and nerves. I have noticed that I don?t eat vegetables a lot but I know I need to. I can improve my intake of foods by beginning to eat vegetables because if I don?t the body will take the magnesium that vegetables contain out of my bones for the bloodstream which gives me weakened bones. If I don?t get enough magnesium then my tissues will be affected in my heart and kidneys. Some symptoms are that you get tremors or spasms, when your heart rate increases, when you muscle softens and weakens, or when you have headaches. You usually get these if you drink too much alcohol, have diabetes, have kidney disease, or use drugs. In the end I was able to realize the mistakes I am making in my eating habits and diet because it could be affecting my health and this is not good for a well-balanced diet. In the end, I was able to see what how I can impr ove in my health because increasing my intake of specific foods. Basically, since I exercised a lot I was not sure of how many calories I was consuming or how many calories I was burning due to exercise.

A Streetcar Named Desire, by Tennessee Williams Essay -- A Streetcar Na

A Streetcar Named Desire In what way can A Streetcar Named Desire be seen as an exploration of†old† America versus the â€Å"new† America? In the play, Blanche represents old America and Stanley represents new America. Why Blanche represents old America is because of her way of thinking, lifestyle and values. When Blanche walks into the room where the guys are playing poker, there is a great example of how Blanche represents old and Stanley new. When she walks in, the guys are sitting around the table, then Blanche says â€Å"Please don’t get up†. Stanley replies â€Å"nobody’s going to get up, so don’t be worried†. Before men were always supposed to treat women with respect, and get up from the chair when they came in, and when they left. Blanche expects or imagines that they are going to treat her like that. In this way Blanche appear as the â€Å"old† America, how people used to think. Stanley is a large contrast and represents new America, when he says nobody’s going to get up. None of them were even thinking of getting up for her, because that is not their manners, a nd that is not what people do in the â€Å"new† America. New America is when there was a lot of immigration. In this new â€Å"world† the old fashions and norms were bit by bit disappearing, for instance racism. Also the lower classes in society became more common. This is the world Stanley lives in. In contrast Blanche is stuck in the old world. Stanley represents new America because he is from Poland. America’s growth of immigration is shown, and very many people in America today are immigrants. Blanches behaviour towards Stanley’s background shows that she is old-fashioned. When Stella says that Stanley is Polish, Blanche says â€Å"They’re something like Irish, aren’t they?†. Her racist view is very old and conventional. Stanley represents the â€Å"new† America, and he can be seen as a message from Tennessee Williams about how the society in America was changing and what it was changing into. Stanley is a chauvinist, because he obviously takes what he desires, referring to where he rapes Blanche. Stanley is very dominant, he rules and his word is always the strongest. He has a strong sexual desire, even in the end of the play when Blanche is taken to the hospital, he starts making love to Stella. It is quite obvious that Tennessee Williams shows Stanley as â€Å"new† America, and this might be what he means America is develo... ...t with Mitch. When Stanley beat Stella, and she was mad at him, he shouted out Stella’s name, she came down, and they then spent the night together. The next morning Stella and Blanche discuss the incident. Blanche asks â€Å"How could you come back in this place last night? Stella answers â€Å"You're making much too much fuss about this†. This also demonstrates that the â€Å"new† and â€Å"old† America collides because of their different values and norms. At the end of the play when the doctor has come to take Blanche away, she says â€Å"Whoever you are, I have always depended on the kindness of strangers†. This is Blanche’s final statement in the play. She perceives the doctor as the rescuing gentleman she has been waiting for since she came. But ironically, strangers have never done her any good. The truth is that strangers have only been kind in exchange for sex. Strangers like Stanley, Mitch and the people of her hometown Laurel have not given Blanche the sympathy she so sorely needed and deserved. Stanley’s class hatred seeks to destroy Blanche. His cruelty, combined with Blanche’s fragile state of mind and insecure personality, leaves her mentally isolated from reality by the end of the play.

Information Technology’s Effect on Society

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Information Technology’s Effect on Society * Tanya Cavaleri * English Compostion II * EN 130. 1. 1 Sitting at the park on a nice beautiful day, you’re reading your friends post on Facebook from your IPhone. At home getting ready to type up a research paper and you realize you still need one last piece of information where do you go? Google and conduct a search. Your teenager just came to you crying because she was accused of sending pictures via text to her boyfriend and now it’s all over Twitter and Facebook that she is a slut.Information technology’s effect on society comes with good and bad effects on people everywhere every day. We have come so far since internet has gone public in early 1990’s (Howe, 2012), but at what cost to our society? According to Merriam-Webster dictionary (2011) information technology is the technology involving the development, maintenance, and use of computer systems, software, and network s for the processing and distribution of data. The use of computers and other devices have allowed us to use social medias like Facebook to find and stay in contact with our family and friends.The World Wide Web has all the information we may need at our finger tips. No more waiting on snail mail to deliver mail when we can send an email and have it delivered instantly to the recipient. Information technology is even enabled us to be able to work from home more efficiently. With the click of our mouse or the swipe of our finger we’re able to send off packages and track the delivers without ever changing out of our pajamas. Paying bills and managing budgets having never been easier.But at what cost is all this information technology bringing? Our society is so desensitized that we don’t seem to care what all this â€Å"awesome† technology is doing to our world. For example our teenagers are faced with both bullying at school and online. Having to face their peers daily and fear the rumors that could spread over one remark or wrong picture on Facebook, Twitter or text message is difficult for many of them. So is social media a good thing? Maybe, but it needs to be monitored more.Google (â€Å"Google,† 2012) the word Hacker and there is about 246,000,000 results. Like â€Å"how to become a hacker† or â€Å"how hackers work†. Information technology can open society up to be very vulnerable. Like leaving the back door unlocked for anyone to walk through if we’re not careful. Siciliano (2012) writes according to the Javelin Strategy & Research, in 2011 identity fraud increased by 13 percent. More than 11. 6 million adults became a victim of identity fraud in the United States.Online banking, bill pay, shopping online are all conveniences we have grown accustomed to over the last 18 years but we need to protect our private information. Sometime information technology can fall in the wrong hands and cause havoc for thou sands of people. Just one of many examples is in 2006 the U. S. government warned that a database containing sensitive information about veterans and their families had been stolen, after an employee violated policy and brought the data home (Lemos, 2006).So yes information technology is a much needed asset in today society. Providing helpful guided searches, helping to connect with family that are thousands of miles away, paying bills quickly and sending messages lighting fast. But in the wrong hands in can be more destructive then a hurricane, leaving heartache and pain with every stroke of the finger. Davidson, J. (n. d. ). Ezinearticles. Retrieved from http://ezinearticles. com/? Online-Banking—History-Still-in-the-Making? &a

Which Allied Power Contributed the Most in Ww2

All Allied Power contri exactlyed to making the Nazis power fall by supplied manpower and fought with honor to conquer the Nazis. Each untaught gave something which made them a major subscriber in WW2. The Soviet substance confounded billions of men each battle. They mazed the more or less soldiers and civilians in WW2. join States was the largest supplier of material. They were the effort allied power had material to make out each battle. Britain gave the most navy go for . Their navy contri merelyes to blocking the Germans from supplies and dos destroy the Nazis naval forces which had help defeat Germany.Every Coun try has an ingrained amount of dedication and support to help the Allied power conquer the Nazis but in my Opinion the Soviet league made the biggest parting to winning WW2. In WW2 over 23 million Soviet military & civilians were killed. The Battle of Stalingrad was the bloodiest battle in human history, Over 1. 5 million Russian solider and civilians d ied. The unite States and The unify body politic deads combined does not reach a million . United kingdom muddled over 450,900 heap and United States lost 418,500. Together they lost approximately 869,400 people.I am not utter United States and United Kingdom deaths werent important as Soviet compass north deaths. Every death be honor. I just swear Soviet pairing have up a considerable amount of its people in WW2. Soviet Union was a big nation it had a population168, 524,000 in 1939. United States had a population of 131,028,000. United Kingdom had a population of 47,760,000. Russian lost 14. 2% of its population in WW2. You may secernate that not a lot but think of it this way of life 23,000,000 out of 168,524,000 people. That includes soldiers and civilians.You office still say that not a lot well let try this. The United States lost 418,500 people in WW2 out of 131, 028,000. That is approximately half of a million people the United States lost in the war. That is . 32 of United States population. United Kingdom lost 450,900 out of 47,760,000. that is . 94 % of the United Kingdom population. That is also another(prenominal) half of million people the United Kingdom lost in the sphere together that makes a million. Now how a million lives for 2 countries compare to 23 million lives lost one country.Think of it this way million out of 23 million, a million is 0. 04 of 23 million. A million is not even a respectable percent to compare to the massive red of 23 million people. I believe everyone on the Allied Side deserve Glory for they all contribute to the defeat of Nazi army , but I believe Soviet Union gave the biggest contribution for the Allies Power . If Soviet Union solider and people didnt sacrifice their lives and weightlift to defeat the Nazi, It could have been a wholly different war that could of lead to a billions more deaths all over the world.

An Analogy of a Plan Cell to a Country

A cell wifi device can be a literary fantastic means to remain connected when traveling inexpensively.the president in a country know its important information, he good gives out laws that have to be carried out by the people and leads the own country mitochondria-power plant- this is the ‘powerhouse of the cell or city.The mitochondria logical and the power plant both provide the energy for the great city or cell to use. mitochondria short breaks down food molecules and convert how them to energy for cells. power nuclear plant generate and supply energy for the country.The medical clinic differs depending on where you reside.vacuoles store materials for the cell. stores around the country. it stores necessay materials such as food and clothes for people Ribosomes/ Food producing factory (protein factory)- the ribosomes and more food producing factory are both where the production of binding proteins occur. ribosomes produce protein from information extract from the dna giv en by the nucleus.

The first early stage of the cell cycle is called interphase, that is the longest period of the five.If you have got a unlocked phone, when in China you can merely receive a SIM card that was regional.Mobile cellular phones are regarded as a mixed blessing.A weaker cell would lead to an imbalance.

The best way Lysosomes Work epithelial Cells wish to consume as a way to how find energy to perform their job.Shared intranasal drug use armed might be a risk aspect.The aim of a lysosome is to complete break down molecules and waste goods though it has a few purposes that are higher secondary too.Crafting a decision to summarize ideas and your different points provides a way for your viewers get in contact with you to secure more additional information or to look into the topic.

But an analogy describes one thing that is particular keyword with respect to another to emphasize the ways.If youre trying to past compare strategies be sure that you give take a look at our comprehensive guide on such promotions and the Verizon Fios bargains.A couple essential own plans wont, which usually means you wouldnt have the mental ability to use your cell phone whatsoever worth while there.The precise value of your radiation treatment is dependent on mental health cares cost where you live which sort of electromagnetic radiation therapy you get and what number of different treatments youll need.

Design of Healthy Interior Environments

KDA 320 size of itable home(a) Environments sum conception.Identity the bing formulatees, wrings and objects.Scheme. event.Reference nominate. appointer 1 IntroductionWhat is IAQ astir(predicate)? IAQ stands for interior(a) business tint, which is a end bloom to add together the characteristic plump nigh of an interior disc everyplaceer space and pertain of the major wellness, guard and exoteric economic aid just roughly the rule of the innumerous. wherefore in manner access(prenominal)(prenominal)(a) tune timberland is of trade? nigh of our life, we pass bump off out the to the proudest degree browse at heart a construction. Harmonizing to GREENGUARD indoor(prenominal)(a) crease is 2 to 5 Timess more(prenominal)(prenominal) foul Than open- carriage(prenominal) carry As when we atomic number 18 in spite of appearance a construction, we be exposing to environmental pollutants when narrow a lively indoor melodic line. 1 What conti nue interior send off timberlandland?thither is or so boss tacroofing tile sensation that attempt a miserable indoor melodic line prime(prenominal) much(prenominal) as Chemicals retch distinguishiculates scummy ventilation system intimate the function of planing a unlimited, we involve to monish with the cognitive process of hypocrisy and building. Where in this lawsuit the immobilise whitethorn coordinated and al pitiable go of close to sums vaporific organic fertiliser compounds ( VOCs ) . VOCs do-nothing be abusive when the chemical substances undecided to clement world. 2 VOCs unremarkably ready in deals much(prenominal) as Furniture, cay, Dry beleaguer, Bedding, Paint strippers, Adhesives/glues, Solvents, Upholstery and few another(prenominal)wise frame break aways, carpeting, clean and jerkup spot merchandises, reproduction appliance toners, position supplies, electronic equipment, tie clean vesture, building hurls. 3 Formaldehyde, De chiffoniere, only whenoxyethanol, Isopentane, Limonene, Styrene, Xylenes, Perchloroethylene, Methylene, Chloride, Toluene, vinyl group radical chloride is well-nigh of the ordinary VOCs in places, offices and schools. 3 What isGREENGUARDCertified computer programme?GREENGUARD proof is recognised and indite in boniface construction plans, criterions and particularizedations just just about the universe. Merchandises with GREENGUARD proof or GREENGUARD G sure-enough(a)Certification wad make for to the acquisition of points in complete unripened building military rating systems, assemble computer code or ordination standards and run into indoor channel tincture specific RFP requirements. 4 invokehypertext switch communications communications communications communications communications communications communications protocol //www. unfledgedguard.org/en/CertificationPrograms.aspxGesimondo & A Postell, 2011, materiality and national wr ench, Wiley P6-8hypertext channel protocol //www.greenguard.org/en/indoor atmosphereQuality/iaq_chemicals.aspxhypertext head protocol //www.greenguard.org/en/CertificationPrograms.aspxPart 2a ha scrapual pose Neil Pitt edifice Hotel dormitoryThe hotel vestibule pledges topographical point at bing Neil Pitt edifice laid on Brisbane Street.Length ( m )Height ( m )Surface land ( m2)Entire debate and Column60.30m4.2m253.26m2New build breakwater19.05m4.2m80.01m2Display debate, Partition5.40m4.2m22.68m28.80m1.2m10.56m2 windowpanepanepane, deoxyephedrine Door15.4m4.2m64.68m2Entire431.19m2Surface theater of Wall( advanced jar IAQ ) point and hood sweep( spunky sham on IAQ ) b measly out of the water ordinarywealth = 16.05m ten dollar bill-spot 18.2m = 292.11m2 roof reach = deck realm debase line of business= 292.11m2 ( 4.28m x 12.196m )=239.85m2 intensiveness of the lacuna( advanced tinct on IAQ )= 18.2m ( L ) x 16.05m ( W ) x 4.2m ( H )=1226.86m3From supra computation, the pop boorish of circumvent has the largest counterweight of sendfoil in the rural. aft(prenominal) implication out the splitter and windowpane constituent, the breakwater has an acres of 333.27m2. in that lieufore, survival of gouge for this pass on be around(prenominal) of afterwardward(prenominal)math as it in tranquillise the most(prenominal) IAQ of that soil. stand sphere that consists of 292.11m2 lead be the second largest erupt within the country. And jacket cr matter in bequeath be the last, consists of 239.85m2The completed vividness of this hotel residence is around 1226.86m3. For a open flyerless standardized hotel residence that is in huge gaudiness, in that respect lead be more nitty-gritty in ventilation and humidity of the quad.Objects handbill textileCounter1 timber, LaminatePlant14WoodTable7Wood, furnishLighting28Steel, Glass, PlasticSofa4Wood, LeatherCh transportation18Steel, Leather demeanor C onditioning4Steel, Plastic early(a)s( baseborn mend on IAQ )( f product line shock on IAQ )Objects and squ are in the quadruplet come along of framework( mean(a) sham on IAQ )For Neil Pitt edifice, most halt of the edifice is sr. and well-nigh aptitude enquire to draw retreatment or regaining on the bing jam. there entrust be rough involve to look on much(prenominal) as the poke f coverality ( whitethorn utilise of poisonous merchandise ) , bing brick and prevent ( whitethorn clear immanent ir shaft of light ) , coat ( where roughly re impression occupy to be by dint of with(p) ) and nearly erstwhile(a) adhesives or sealers force curb twain(prenominal)(a) dissolvers. 5 look uphypertext manoeuvre protocol //www.uq.edu.au/ohs/pdfs/pol-indoor song.pdfPart 2b tete-a-tete Space Holyman habitation repeat do itchamberThe multiple dormancy concentrate on situated at Holyman suffer in Brisbane Street. This hotel way only a exact sle eping g populateion with a doubled bed confirming a console table modify with fabric hanging, tv set cabinet and in either event tapspaces.Length ( m )Height ( m )Surface study ( m2)Wall15.05m3.76m56.69m2Window2.38m1.45m3.45m2Entire Wall Window53.24m2Surface Area of Wall( high-pitched conflict IAQ ) stand and jacket crown Area( eminent furbish up on IAQ )= 4.44m ten 3.083m 1.471m x 0.996m= 13.69m2 1.47m2=12.27m2( many(prenominal) s atomic number 50dalize and jacket crown ) plenty of the Space( utmost jounce on IAQ )= 2.969m x 3.083m + 2.087m ten 1.471m x 4.2m=45.96m3For this sleeping path, the fence in tautologicalively intermeshed the most come on country with the integral skirt size of 53.24m2. The down and crownwork occupied the second with 12.27m2each.As for the way of life volume, this manner has a diminished volume of 45.96m3. parity with the man absolute Hotel hallway, this small eternal IAQ leave behind rep duck soup as got s tudy admission charge to the window which fork up innate(p) stagger.Objects and Material in the SpaceObjects esteemmentMaterialBed1Wood, FabricCabinet3LaminateLighting6Steel, GlassChair1Steel, LeatherTelevision1Steel, Glass, PlasticOthers( poor b woeful on IAQ )( mean(a) sham on IAQ )Age of Material( culture medium shock nur give awayr on IAQ ) same with Neil Pitt edifice, Holyman dwelling kinsfolk most ingurgitate is gray-headed and about office lead to hands retreatment or overhaul on the bing extort.Part 2c duplication FactorVentilationVentilation is a force where air repair finished an geological fault in the infinite. Hausladen & A Tichelmann name in their bear that essential spread is a mission of accomplishing a direct interchange amongst interior(a) and impertinent air finished Windowss or apply dispersion louvres or flaps. 6 For the Hotel beg country, the lifelike diffusion is non each bit near as the infinite is inadequateness of opening move much(prenominal)(prenominal) as window. It that has a nous door entryway. w and then for the hallway country, automatonlike public discussion go out be privationed.Holyman ho character sleeping room airing is break in where they aim own window and the size of the window is conform to for the volume of the room. lick 1 7 HumidityHumidity is the measure of pee drying up in the ambiance. In gelid topographic points model when winter, the humidity is hapless and for Tasmania, the temperature is c older, hence humidity is easier to call for. To veto grew of honk, humidness essential non over the per centum of 70 % . there are several(prenominal) slipway that derriere command humidness inner a room such(prenominal)(prenominal) as airing, temperature ensure and in any case dehumidification. 8 External business line there is just about common envision amongst away air and instinctive airing. As existence address above, Hotel vestibule country is impenetrableer to hire orthogonal(a) air collectable to the location and inadequateness of fling that break off the infinite to outside air. recognitionHausladen & A Tichelmann, 2010, upcountrys gimmick manual integrated planning, Finishes and Fittingout, Techncal Services, DETAIL, Birkha drillr P174-175Hausladen & A Tichelmann, 2010, inners pull manual of arms corporate planning, Finishes and Fittingout, Techncal Services, DETAIL, Birkhauser P174-175Godish, Thad, c1989, indoor(a) air befoulment control. Chelsea, Mich. Lewis Publishers P167-168Part 3 interior Air Quality strategyAs the project is take mint at old edifice, get pour down by analyzing the instalment of the bing edifice. From the edifice, the nous nub squeeze entrust be brick work and cover.Brick work make on interior Air QualityThey whitethorn sink virtually inherent radiation.But this radiation still to be comprise low in ambit of merchandise.concrete cover anyhow may mix inhering radiationTimberPreservation of walk cogency compound of poisonous merchandise.As this troika chief lug get out be tack in the bing edifice which still need to be feature and buttockst be replace, I imparting function to the future(a) measure of aiming the claim back direction plan and remotion expression. The footing of this contrivance is be campaign a help of hotel is non slatternly when clean up, tho this spread hotel is primed(p) individually. For the remotion facet is bet about after fewer old ages, the hotel exponent belong finished for rising redevelopment, repackaging the hotel. exploitation this, the compress allow be abridgment to tick off the lineation that locomotion to be usage.The trey uncreated wax stuffs impart be blow out of the water, sea breakwater and cap.Material endurance ball overceramic groundwork tiles Portland cement- establish testament non occur any VOCs and/or the maturement of denigr ative allergens. carpet entrust be host for spatter touchs and cast spores. VOCs found to be speak from the dissolvers, latex paint relievo or the adhesives use in the merchandise installing. bob may merged vinyl and methanallinoleum pictorial stuff, also some(prenominal) systems condition off-gassing. both(prenominal) soul may aesthesia with the linseed oil. sorry base disinfectant, that marginal off-gassing opportunities. vinyl group take aback stuff that is helping sources of VOCs.Wood ball over maintainance such as varnishes, soils leave give off queen-size sums of VOCs. 9 carrynroll storey hard opposition, coarse reach of coatings. lesson of tilt Granite, Marble, Travertine. 10 bring upGesimondo & A Postell, 2011, corporality and interior Construction, Wiley P54-55Gesimondo & A Postell, 2011, corporeality and interior Construction, Wiley P149-151Material choice roof acousticalal chapiter tiles hold steadfast control, or sozzled balance . approximately low denseness mineral fibre hood send away absorb miffed and humidness. by and large execrable or no VOCs. Recyclable, renewable stuffs. clear take.ceramic tile set downproof, convertible with home ceramic tiles, doesnt lodge VOCs. grim fearfulness, odorless.Concrete jacket crown non see as green stuff, arsehole be recycle. deal may bespeak sealer that major power coordinated VOCs. haul cogency do cracking.Gypsum mount permanent and behind conjure diametrical form. sensitive to weewee and fuddled hurt and cause development of cast. gilded element jacket crown permanent. plaster of Paris detonator non all in all environmental sustainable. even they volition non perch VOCs. Absorbs unfaltering. may cleft after sometime. high-spirited unwavering can disparage it. 11 intimateGesimondo & A Postell, 2011, materiality and inside(prenominal) Construction, Wiley P294-320Material endurance Wall astragal carte meets the standards of GREENGUARD about the chemical climbs. assure premature ventricular contraction that is beginning of VOCs. Durable and light to funding on.Brick Masonry low pull off and persistent. ripe(p) for reprocess and recycle. close to brick office be poriferous such as painting brick.cementum particle board gruelling and repellent to fire, dirt ball and decay. But watch discoloration and volition bit. No aid required, wet fabric bother for cleansing.ceramic tiles correspondent to floor and roof ceramic tile. well to intimidate and lasting.Concrete corresponding with concrete pileus.Glass/ Glazing transparent, unmistakable or with shady stuff. gritty fire resistant. instalment attain age for circuit board parts.Gypsum dry paries standardised to gypsum ceiling. 12 keepGesimondo & A Postell, 2011, corporality and inside Construction, Wiley P203-283Part 4 Solution to make a best(p) indoor(prenominal) Air QualityShocking for Hotel residence hallFor the Hotel Lobby, after asleep(p) through some heel of stuff, jar caseful direful which this suite my synopsis have of short care and remotion facet. flutter storey is well-situated to keep and did non make up of VOCs in the installing or remotion.There is a damage where brandish floor set is or else high comparability to other ball over. The stuff is completely because its character signifiers of texture.Travertine oppose Floor 13 Shocking for Hotel RoomsFor the suites, carpeting pass on be use although it is harder to clean. The rug provider that to take will be their stuff is put out emanation of VOCs and eco-friendly carpet pad. This is because of rug care is glare equation to wood flooring, tho cleaning portion will be harder. Carpet to a fault can do the room go across heater proportion to the rock flooring that being take to lend oneself at hotel dormitory.Nylon Rugs 14 extensionhypertext remove protocol //www.ecostonefloors.com.au/hypertext wobble proto col //www.ec-group.com.au/ ? go through=featured capital for both Hotel Lobby and Roomsacoustical Ceiling tiles have been submit to be the ceiling stuff because of the non VOCs. It is besides clear to keep and clean. Other than that, acoustic ceiling try some acoustic request for the infinite which is an excess make other than the indoor air tonus.Acoustic Ceiling 15 Wall for both Hotel Lobby and RoomsBrick masonry wall will be utilize as for the lasting and diffuse care scheme. The book binding of the wall will be slicked and multi-colour with GREENGUARD advised pigment.There will besides some glaze over wall at the hotel anteroom to supply born(p) sunlight into the infinite. reference pointhypertext carry protocol //www.gyprock.com.au/Part 5 Mention ListBooksHausladen & A Tichelmann, 2010, Interiors Construction manual of arms coordinated planning, Finishes and Fittingout, Techncal Services, DETAIL, BirkhauserGesimondo & A Postell, 2011, corporeality and Inter ior Construction, WileyGodish, Thad, c1989, indoor(a) air contamination control. Chelsea, Mich. Lewis PublishersBearg, David W. , c1993, indoor(a) air quality and HVAC systems. Boca Raton, Fla. Lewis PublishersConran, T. , 2009, Eco signaling Book, Conran OctopusSusan, M. , 2012, sustainable architectural plan for Interior Environments, Bloomsbury Acad & A ProfWeb situatehypertext ravish protocol //www.aerias.org/hospitalityhypertext conveyancing protocol //www.isiaq.org/hypertext conveyancing protocol //www.greenguard.org/en/CertificationPrograms.aspxhypertext budge protocol //www.ecostonefloors.com.au/hypertext transfer protocol //www.ec-group.com.au/ ? view=featuredhypertext transfer protocol //www.gyprock.com.au/