Size Exclusion Chromatography Free Essays

Size Exclusion Chromatography Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) is the partition procedure dependent on the atomic size of the segments. Size prohibition chromatography is a sort of strategy to isolate distinctive size of particles that put in arrangement. It was first found by two researchers who named Grant Henry Lathe and Colin R Ruthven. We will compose a custom paper test on Size Exclusion Chromatography or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Them two got the John Scott Award for this marvelous development. There are different applications for Size rejection chromatography, for example, biochemical viewpoint and polymer union. For application in biochemical perspective, this strategy can discover the quaternary structure of cleansed proteins which have moderate trade times, since it tends to be done under local arrangement conditions and save macromolecular associations. The motivation behind why we utilize this procedure for decontamination is Size prohibition chromatography is a low goals chromatography strategy as it doesn't recognize comparable species well indeed. It can likewise test the tertiary structure of protein as it quantifies the hydrodynamic volume, permitting collapsed and unfurled adaptations of a similar protein to be recognized. Other than utilizing in biochemical exploration, it can discover the dissemination of the extents of polymer particles like if a dissolvable is picked and run, we can make an adjustment bend to decide the measures of polymer atoms in it. It is smarter to present the portable stage and fixed stage first. Fixed stage is the strong spongy or the pore(SEC) with strong help that permit test across through it while the portable stage is the example permeate through or along to the fixed stage. In SEC, detachment is accomplished by the differential prohibition from the pores of the pressing material, of the example molecules(mobile stage) as they go through a bed of permeable particles(stationary stage). For the guideline of the SEC, atoms of various sizes can be isolated by this strategy in view of differential time spent inside a strong stage molecule which prohibits passageway of generally bigger particles, permits some passageway of medium-sized atoms, and permits free availability of the littlest atoms. The particles contain pores with tunnels(stationary stage) in which the size can be controlled relying upon the size of molecules(mobile stage) to be isolated. Littler atoms experience a more mind boggling pathway to leave the molecule than do bigger particles. Since particles that have a huge size contrasted with the pore size of the fixed stage have next to no passageway into the pores, these bigger estimated atoms elute first from the segment. Medium measured atoms are moderately enormous contrasted with the pore size of the strong stage and in this way may discover a few pores wherein they enter and invest some energy. Littler measured atoms have more pores that are open to them and in this manner invest more energy inside the pores comparative with bigger estimated particles. In this way, littler particles elute last and bigger atoms elute first in SEC. â€Å"Elute† is imply that the transporter of the portable stage or the versatile stage from chromatographic bed develop. For the pore size, which is the significant piece of fixed stage in SEC, strong stage materials utilized in SEC are normally ordered dependent on their capacity to isolate various sizes of proteins. Since size is a troublesome thing to precisely quantify for a huge atom, the strong stage materials are related to a sub-atomic weight territory rather and the weight is likened with size. All mixes with an atomic weight not exactly or equivalent to the lower number in the range will see the whole interior volume of the dabs bringing about no determination and along these lines no detachment. All mixes with an atomic weight more noteworthy than or equivalent to the higher number in the range are totally prohibited from within a globule and along these lines no division is accomplished. Particles with loads or sizes between these two limits of the range can be isolated. This is the numerical pore size range detailed for every strong stage material utilized in SEC. The pore size utilized for a detachment is subject to the size scope of the specific arrangement of particles to be isolated. Littler pore sizes are utilized for fast desalting of proteins or for protein purging. Moderate pore sizes are utilized to isolate generally little proteins. Large pore sizes are utilized for filtration of organic edifices. For the factor that influence the SEC, first, the particles in arrangement don't have a fixed size, bringing about the likelihood that a molecule that would some way or another be hampered by a pore passing right by it. Second, the fixed stage particles are not unmistakably characterized, the two particles and pores may change in size. . The fixed stage may likewise cooperate in bothersome manners with a molecule and impact maintenance times, however extraordinary consideration is taken by segment producers to utilize fixed stages that are dormant and limit this issue. Third, expanding the section length will improve the goals, and expanding the segment breadth builds the limit of the segment. Legitimate segment pressing is critical to augment goals: An over-stuffed segment can crumple the pores in the globules, bringing about lost goals. An under-stuffed segment can diminish the relative surface zone of the fixed stage open to littler species, bringing about those species investing less energy caught in pores. Not at all like proclivity chromatography methods, a dissolvable head at the highest point of the segment can radically lessen goals as the example diffuses preceding stacking, widening the downstream elution. The benefits of this technique incorporate great detachment of huge atoms from the little particles with an insignificant volume of eluate, and that different arrangements can be applied without meddling with the filtration procedure, all while protecting the organic action of the particles to be isolated. Second, the strategy is commonly joined with others that further discrete atoms by different attributes, for example, acridity, basicity, charge, and proclivity for specific mixes. Third, with size rejection chromatography, there are short and all around characterized division times and thin groups, which lead to great affectability. The SEC is isolated quickly. At that point, there is additionally no example misfortune since solutes don't cooperate with the fixed stage. The fixed stage doesn’t have any permeable that nteract with the example and complete the response with the example. For the detriment of the this strategy , first is the atomic mass that we have to know. The SEC partition is base on the atomic size/weight, similar to the gel electrophoresis. It is required to realize that there are the range for various of the sub-atomic size. On the off chance that the distinction of the sub-atomic size in the versatile stage, it isn't prescribed to utilize this division. In this way, before utilizing the SEC, the sub-atomic size of each example in portable stage are required to recognize. What's more, the suited of SEC is restricted. The versatile stage can not be too huge. The time size of the chromatogram is short, and, by and large, there must be a 10% contrast in atomic mass to have a decent goals Also, the pore size should be resolved, excessively little size or too enormous size will prompt the disappointment of the division SEC. On the planet, the chromatography is the division of the example base on the polar, size, corrosiveness, basicity, charge, and fondness for certain compounds†¦ Size Exclusion Chromatography is the one of the chromatography that base on the size of the example, which is like the guideline of gel electrophoresis. One diverse point is the fixed stage, which is the segment with the pores of the particles. Reference: (http://www. partitions. us. tosohbioscience. com/ServiceSupport/TechSupport/ResourceCenter/PrinciplesofChromatography/SizeExclusion/) (http://www. asdlib. organization/separations_pdfs/Size_Exclusion_Chromatography_Separations_Module-finalversion. pdf) (http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Size-exclusion_chromatography),goldbook The most effective method to refer to Size Exclusion Chromatography, Essay models

Principles of Economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Standards of Economic - Essay Example In the event that the two nations are shut economies, i.e., they don't take an interest in any exchange then the two nations will create the two merchandise by apportioning half of their assets to every one of the products, tomatoes and garments for our situation. Consider the speculative table underneath: They can't deliver whole measures of the two products simultaneously. Be that as it may, partaking in worldwide exchange and specialization can help increment their creation prospects. Since Pakistan is better at material creation while Germany is better at tomatoes creation, Pakistan is said to have an outright favorable position in fabric creation and Germany in tomatoes creation. In this manner, sound judgment recommends that each ought to have some expertise in the positive qualities where they have a flat out preferred position and accordingly, every one of them would be in an ideal situation than they were previously. This implies Pakistan should create 400 garments and no tomatoes and Germany should deliver 400 tomatoes and no garments. Thusly, Pakistan would now be able to import 200 tomatoes from Germany while Germany can import 200 garments from Pakistan, along these lines every one of them understanding an increase of 150 from universal exchange and specialization. Plainly there is an addition from worldwide exchange and specialization as expanded creation prospects. ... Along these lines, Pakistan would now be able to import 200 tomatoes from Germany while Germany can import 200 garments from Pakistan, subsequently every one of them understanding an increase of 150 from global exchange and specialization. Material Tomatoes All out creation (without exchange) 250 All out creation (with exchange) 400 Obviously there is an addition from worldwide exchange and specialization as expanded creation prospects. In any case, in any event, when, for example, Germany has a flat out preferred position in the creation of the two tomatoes and garments, taking an interest in global exchange and specialization can expand its creation prospects and increment world exchange. The hypothesis of similar bit of leeway says that it ought to have some expertise in those merchandise which it can deliver with moderately more prominent effectiveness and import the other. In any case, we should recollect that the above depended on two nations and two items in particular. In reality, there are numerous items and nations included. Be that as it may, this model can be stretched out to incorporate any number of nations or items. Different suppositions are additionally included, for example, creation costs are steady and there are no limitations on global exchange. In actuality, this isn't correct. All things considered, we can presume that global exchange and specialization can expand world exchange through the speculations of outright and similar preferred position. Q2 (an) (I) Cost of Mangoes - $/kg Amount Demanded - 000/kg Amount provided 000/kg $6.00 220 400 $5.50 240 360 $5.00 260 320 $4.50 280 280 $4.00 300 240 $3.50 320 200 $3.00 340 160 Harmony quantity= 280000

Essay Topic Tips

Essay Topic TipsIf you are writing an essay, you should have a topic that is interesting and educational. Your topic of choice should be expository topics so that it can make your students gain knowledge about the subject matter in your essay.In this article, we will look at expository topics that you can use to write a great and educational essay. In order to get some ideas, think about your own topic that you have been working on, or maybe one that you want to change in your college application essay. Write down some ideas about the subject and see if they are interesting enough for you to write an essay on.When writing an essay, students learn from different kinds of information. You can make your essay more interesting by using expository topics. Here are some sample topics that you can use to write a good essay on.A topic that is a great teaching tool about the American people is about people who have made a difference in their lives and have left a lasting impression on their c ommunities. Examples would be: Martin Luther King, Jr., Abraham Lincoln, Dorothy Day, and Daniel Pearl. These people were all inspired by what they saw and did.This is a topic that allows you to let your main idea come through, while giving some supporting evidence as well. The supporting evidence could be something you read or heard. Whatever you choose, just remember that the main idea should be a strong selling point for your essay. If you try to add too much supporting evidence, your essay will be too confusing and will not be as persuasive as it should be.A topic that will be interesting for students to read is something that will make them think about the best ways to solve a problem. The topic could be something related to the problem that the student is attempting to solve. Things like theories of evolution, free will, and theories of mind would be good examples of topics that could be used in this way.If you are trying to explain a concept, you might want to consider writin g about what someone else has said about the topic in hopes of providing potential help. For example, if you are trying to explain free will, then you could quote another person's opinion on it. Either way, you can make the concept a bit more clear by having a support behind it.In conclusion, these are just a few ideas that you can use to make your essay more interesting. You should take these tips and find examples that will be useful for your essay topic. Good luck!

All Proven Rapists, Pedophiles and Murderers Should...

Working Title: â€Å"Capital punishment for all proven rapists, pedophiles, and murderers should be made the order of the day.† In the eighteenth century, death penalty was used as the severe Punishment if a Person disobeyed the laws. Death penalty also known as Capital Punishment is the judicially ordered execution of a prisoner for a serious crime. The court, who administers the law enacted by parliament, will, after conviction of a criminal who has done serious offence, sentence him to be killed. It is believed by many, particularly those of religious persuasion that this type of punishment is inhumane and the practice should be abolished. I personally disagree with this opinion for several reasons. As Stated above, death penalty†¦show more content†¦(n.d.). Welcome. Retrieved February 25, 2011, from http://www.virtualclassroom.net/tvc/cappun/ Capital Punishment - Research and Read Books, Journals, Articles at Questia Online Library. (n.d.). Questia - The Online Library of Books and Journals. Retrieved February 26, 2011, from http://www.questia.com/library/sociology-and-anthropology/criminology-and-crime/law-enforcement/capital-punishment.jsp Capital Punishment - Research and Read Books, Journals, Articles at Questia Online Library. (n.d.). Questia - The Online Library of Books and Journals. Retrieved February 26, 2011, from http://www.questia.com/library/sociology-and-anthropology/criminology-and-crime/law-enforcement/capital-punishment.jsp Death Penalty amp; Capital Punishment | Amnesty International USA. (n.d.). Amnesty International USA - Protect Human Rights. Retrieved February 26, 2011, from http://www.amnestyusa.org/death-penalty/page.do?id=1011005 Dictionary - Definition of Capital Punishment. (n.d.). Websters Online Dictionary - with Multilingual Thesaurus Translation. Retrieved February 25, 2011, from http://www.websters-dictionary-online.org/definitions/Capital Punishment?cx=partner-pub-0939450753529744:v0qd01-tdlqamp;cof=FORID:9amp;ie=UTF-8amp;q=Capital Punishmentamp;sa=Search#906 England, 1. I. (n.d.). Arguments for and against capital punishment. Capital Punishment U. Retrieved

Health Promotion - 998 Words

Culture: How It Is Related to Health Grand Canyon University Family Centered Health Promotion NRS-429V Shauna Wise September 7, 2014 Culture: How It Is Related to Health As nurses we encounter people every day from a variety of cultures, in healthcare our understanding of each patient’s cultural values will help guide us in providing care that is individualized and respectful while at the same time providing evidence based care that is safe for our patients. To provide culturally competent care to patients nurses must be aware of their own culture before they can be aware of others cultures, each culture views health, wellness, illness and healthcare workers in a different light (Edelman, Kudzma, amp; Mandle, 2014, Chapter 2).†¦show more content†¦Growing up in New Mexico we also use green chile as a method to promote health and also use when we are sick to help recover from illnesses such as colds and other viruses. We believe that health insurance is required in order to maintain health and have access to full health benefits, when time occurred that we did not have health insurance we were unsure of how to access medical care appro priately. In our family we have a long history of Baptist as our religion, we rely heavily on prayer and faith especially when health issues arise. When providing care ensuring that care is given that is based on patients cultural preferences will help the patient heal and will help nurses develop care plans that involve the patient and their family with cultural awareness. Cultural awareness is vital when educating patients about health issues, for the education to be effective and include health promotion nurses must first become aware of how their patient perceives illness and what measures are needed to ensure the patient will be compliant with health changes (Edelman et al., 2014, Chapter 2). Another difference is cultural health traditions is the use of health insurance, many families are still without health insurance and unable to access healthcare when needed and that is when they turn to their heritage for healing methods. 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There are three levels to health promotion that are utilized to optimize health. Definition of Health Promotion The World OrganizationRead MoreHealth Promotion1008 Words   |  5 PagesLevels of Health Promotion Health promotion is essential in keeping society and individuals healthy. Health promotion empowers communities and individuals for healthy living through education. The primary goal of health promotion is prevention. Nurses are key in health promotion and will be seen in diverse settings as health promotion evolves the nursing profession. There are three levels to health promotion that are utilized to optimize health. Definition of Health Promotion The World OrganizationRead MoreHealth Promotion793 Words   |  4 Pagesnow shifted to health promotion. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health promotion as the â€Å"process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. It moves beyond a focus on individual behavior towards a wide range of social and environmental interventions.† Health promotion focuses on changes to a community as well as an individuals health by modifying their behaviors to strive for optimal health, which The American Journal of Health Promotion defines as beingRead MoreHealth Promotion975 Words   |  4 PagesHealth Promotion Health promotion is defined as the provision of information and/or education to individuals, families and communities that encourage family unity, community commitment, and traditional spiritually that makes positive contributions to their health status (Definition of wellness.Com). It is our job as providers to promote health by any means necessary to improve community wellness. The purpose of health promotion in nursing practice is to deliver health information to individuals

Comparison Of Vivaldi And Bach - 1121 Words

Both Vivaldi and Bach were incredibly talented, and both have a distinct sound that is fairly simple to notice. If a teacher were to play one of Vivaldi’s works that had never been heard before, and a work of Bach that had never been heard before, the students could probably tell immediately the composer of each one. Why would it be so easy o tell? Vivaldi had a habit of being more melodic, and focused on shifting rhythms. His main works were concertos, a few choral works, some operas, and a few sonatas. While Bach wrote in a massive amount of genre, his work focuses strongly on counterpoint and polyphony. Bach and Vivaldi composed their music in different styles because of their influences. Some of their work will be discussed so the†¦show more content†¦Vivaldi grew up in a Catholic family. His father was a talented violinist and would be his first teacher. This allowed them to perform together. He also took lessons from a choral teacher who knew violin. Vivaldi lov es speed. At age 15, he began studying for the priesthood, which gave him 10 years to study and develop the musical and composing talents that is displayed in his works. Vivaldi spent his entire life, other than the last six or so years, with his father. As a child, they toured Venice together. Then, later on as a man, he toured Italy and later Europe. Vivaldi and his father were a pair and it seems that they held a good relationship. His father helped to write out some of the pieces that Vivaldi would think of. He preferred a combination of the choral religious music, dramatic-operatic, and classics of Italy. His most influential works were written for the orchestra of a Venetian girls’ orphanage where he was music director. It was for them that he wrote his famous concertos. Vivaldi also invented the concerto-grosso. Vivaldi and Bach have a relationship that surpasses their skills. In this, surprisingly, Vivaldi was the teacher, and Bach the student. Bach really appreciated Vivaldi because he transcribed several of his concertos. Vivaldi introduced a rhythmic liveliness and harmonic clarity that captivated Bach. He added to the blend of French dance genres, ornamentation, and German counterpoint in his inscriptions of Baroque style.Show MoreRelatedJohann Sebastian Bach Essay1454 Words   |  6 PagesJohann Sebastian Bach was born into a family of musicians. It was only natural for him to pick up an instrument and excel in it. His father taught him how to play the violin and harpsichord at a very young age. All of Bach’s uncles were professional musicians, one of them; Johann Christoph Bach introduced him to the organ. Bach hit a turning point in his life when both of his parents died at the age of ten years old. Bach’s older brother Johann Christoph Bach took him in and immediately expandedRead MoreJazz and Classical Music1760 Words   |  8 Pagesscale are the categories known as Jazz and Classical music. Some of the most accomplished musicians of our time have devoted themselves to a life-long study of Jazz or Classical music, and a few exceptional musicians have actually mastered both. A comparison of classical and Jazz music will yield some interesting results and could also lead to an appreciation of the abilities needed to perform or compose these kinds of music. Lets begin with a look at the histories of the two. The music called classicalRead MoreHeavy Metal Music7270 Words   |  30 Pagesin the harmonic and melodic language of heavy metal.  The Grove Music Online states that the 1980s brought on ...the widespread adaptation of chord progressions and virtuosic practices from 18th-century European models, especially  Bach,Wilhelm Richard Wagner  and  Vivaldi, by influential guitarists such as  Eddie Van Halen,  Randy Rhoads  and  Yngwie Malmsteen. Although a number of metal musicians cite classical composers as inspiration, classical and metal are rooted in different cultural traditionsRead MoreHumanities11870 Words   |  48 Pageswhich is better, and you probably would be able to define what qualities make for a good plate of char kway teow. Therefore, in order to know good art when you see it, you need to have seen a lot of art - both good and bad - in order to make the comparison. The fact is that mankind has been producing art for so long that the overall body of knowledge on art has become so complex that ordinary people cannot comprehend the scope of the subject without some form of structured education. Most people

Biological Psychology

Question: Discuss about theBiological Psychology. Answer: Introduction Neurobiology of language refers to the study of neurological brain mechanisms that regulate language comprehension and production of language. On the other hand, language comprehension refers to process by which the brain understands what people speak and write. Language comprehension is important biological psychology since it hold and defines the capabilities, process, skills and the required knowledge to understand spoken and written language (John, 2007). The controversy arose in the language acquisition process during language comprehension. Many theorists indicate that acquisition of language arises from abstract sense of impression. Regel, S. and Friederici, A. (2011) study implies that language acquisition is through sensory processing of brain during language comprehension. Behavioral theorist in contrast shows that acquisition arises through successful use of signs. The aim of this essay is to provide critical study of brain comprehension of non-literal language. Non-literal or figurative language broadly refers to the psychological imaging of non-literal expression such as idioms, metaphors and proverbs. The critical aspect of non-literal language comprehension involve semantic phenomenon. According to John, C. (2007), left angular in the middle and frontal gyri that is directly related to dorsomedial prefrontal is the part involve in processing of non-literal expression. There are clear differences in brain processing of literal and non-literal languages expression. Non literal expressions are processed in the left brain hemisphere in contrast to literal language that is processed right brain hemisphere. Processing of spatial information is directly similar to processing of non-literal expression in the left brain hemisphere. Processing of spatial information involve recording of expressions and information that pertains to someones environment and this is similar to the processing of non-literal expression that take place in the left hemis phere of brain (Brandon 2008). There are several studies that have been carried out to understand the brain structure as used in comprehension of non-literal language. David, M. (2002) study methods such as standardized neuropsychological test and electrophysiology have been used to study brain structures used in comprehension of non-literal languages. Neuroimaging methods are grouped into functional imagine and structural imagine methods. Structural imaging studies the brain structures with respect to study of diseases like tumor or brain injury. Functional neuroimaging on the other hand, is used to determine the different brain parts with their relationship to comprehension of figurative expressions. Research by Mark T, et al (2005), functional imaging therefore, seeks to diagnose diseases such as brain lesions and cognitive psychology. Some of the functional neuroimaging methods include electroencephalography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography and behavioral studies (Mark et al 2005).Critical examination of brain imaging methods gives understanding of brain functions and brain lesions. Neuroimaging methods have both advantages and disadvantages. David, M. (2002) evaluated electroencephalography (EEG) method to monitors and record images of brain electrical activities caused by ionic current during language expression processing at certain time duration. According Hagoort (2003), ever-related potential (ERP) can be used to study responses that are connected to brain processing and functioning in relationship to neural processing of language expressions. Firstly electroencephalography has advantages that include are ability to visualize brain activities directly during processes through direct study of brain electrical changes. According to Edward and Oksana (2014), the most important disadvantage of EEG is the difficulty in determining the source of electrical activities in brain processes. Functional magnetic resonance imaging is method used to measure brain processing of language expression through detection of blood flow changes. fMRI therefore shows functional changes that occurs in the psychological brain activities leading to understanding of non-literal expressions. Research by Poldrack, A. (2008) shows that fMRI also is advantageous due to the fact that it does not use X-rays when scanning the brain processes and therefore safer to use as compares to other neuroimaging technologies. The clear disadvantage of fMRI according Haller, S. and Bartsch, A. (2009) is expensive and fact that it capture image linearly when patient is still Positron emission tomography (PET) is another imaging method that provides images of metabolic processes of the brain. This implies that PET provides three dimensional scan images during diagnosis of brain disease that are causing impairment of brain processes. Research by Roivainen, A. et al (2004), shows that PET provides advantage in biochemical examination of patients brain and diseases detection that are related to brain functioning and non-literal expressions. According to Health Quality (2010), disadvantage of PET is the possibility of radioactive risk during imaging procedures. Brandon (2008), neuroimaging methods have significant differences and similarity with behavioral study of brain. Neuroimaging applies various brain methods to study and image functions or structures of brain. Behavioral brain study the other side, applies different biological principles to study psychological brain processes. Kaan, E. (2007) stated that neuroimaging methods such as EEG, fMRI and PET enable visualization of non-literal expressions comprehension and the impairment of these brain process directly increasing chance to view brain lesion. In contrast, behavioral studies concentrate on neurons, hormones and other biological processes that occur in brain as evidence for non-literal language impairments. Both neuroimaging method and behavioral study of brain lesions consider neurological activities to provide evidence of abnormalities in brain comprehension of expressions. Neuroimaging study neural activities that occur when brain comprehend figurative language similar to beh avioral study that reveal biological process in neurons (Health Quality 2010). Positron emission tomography according to Heinke, W. and Schwarzbauer, C. (2002) functions with radioactive tracers chemicals introduced into bloodstream. This implies that positron radioisotopes that are labeled radioactive atoms, the radiotracer compound follow blood to the brain. The patient has radioactive injected into bloodstream that can be risk for expectant mothers and other patients. A similar study by Dixon and Adam et al (2015), indicate that breastfeeding mothers and pregnant mothers are not suitable for PET scanning since babies and infants are highly responsive to radiations. Townsend, D. and Bailey, L. (2005) also conducted research on PET and indicated that during natural radioactive decay, point to the possibility of radioactive exposure. Some patients are allergic to radiotracers and may risk the patients health. Under some instances radiotracers are introduced into a vein (IV) or the radioactive material is breathed in through the nose. On weighing the various neuroimaging approaches, fMRI proves to be the approach I will use for this type of research is neuroimaging method particularly fMRI technique. Firstly, fMRI is safe to use since it does not use X-rays to capture images as compared to other neuroimaging methods. This is particularly important for studying non-literal language that requires image view without radioactive rays. Rjntjes et al 2012 study shows that fMRI is suitable for patients such as breastfeeding and pregnant women due to the minimal use of radiation. Thirdly, it is easy to visualize processes taking place in the brain hemisphere since the methods can capture images deep inside the body depending on the blood flow. In conclusion, non-literal language comprehension occurs in the brain during neuron processing. Many studies have been done to understand brain structures and functions with respect to processing of both literal and figurative languages. Behavioral study and neuroimaging methods offer the best alternative ways to study and understand neural pathways followed by language expression. Brain imaging methods offers opportunity to visualize the brain neural processing activities when the brain comprehends figurative language. EEG, PET and fMRI are some of the neuroimaging methods used in brain research. Finally, PET is a brain scaning technology that can expose patient to radiation thereby posing risk to use in expectant and breastfeeding mothers. Reference Brandon K (2008), Brain scanner and what you are. Wired News. CondeNet. Dixon, A. and Adam A et al (2015), Grainger Allisons diagnostic radiology. Philadelphia, AP: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. David, M. (2002), The origin of EEG. International society for the history of neuroscience (ISHN). Edward, F. and Oksana, Z, (2014), In Electroencephalography. Journal of the neuroscience 24(4): 275-287 Hagoort P, (2003), ERP effects of combining syntactic and semantic violations. Journal of cognitive neuroscience 15(5): 883-887. Health Quality (2010), Neuroimaging for lesions. Ontario health technology assessment series 10(23): 1-57 Haller, S. and Bartsch, A. (2009), Pitfalls in fMRI. European Radiology 19(1): 258-2707 John, C (2007), Introduction to Spoken Language Processing. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Heinke, W. and Schwarzbauer, C. (2002), In vivo imaging of anaesthetic action in humans: Approaches with positron emission topography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). British Journal of Anaesthesia, 89(1), 112. Kaan, E. (2007), Eventà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ related potentials and language processing: A brief overview. Language and Linguistics Compass, 1(6), 571-591. Mark T, et al (2005), cognitive psychology: A student handbook. Taylor Francis. Retrieved 20-12-2012. Poldrack, A. (2008), The role of fMRI in neuroscience. Current opinion on neurobiology 18 (3): 22-7. Regel, S., and Friederici, A. (2011), Isn't it ironic: An electrophysiological exploration of figurative language processing. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23(2), 277-293. Rjntjes, M. et al (2012), Functional neuroimaging. Bradleys clinical practice in neurology. Philadelphia, AP: Elsevier Saunders. Roivainen, A. et al (2004), Using PET. Journal of neuroscience medicine 45 (6): 72-9 Townsend, D. and Bailey, L. (2005), PET: Basic Science. Secaucus, New York: Springer-Verlag.